Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Paul Eric Aspholm Juho Vuolteenaho Hallvard Jensen Cornelya Klutsch Helena Klöckener Snorre HagenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Mari Røken Kristin Forfang Yngvild Wasteson Anita Haug Haaland Hans Geir Eiken Snorre Hagen Ane Mohn BjellandSammendrag
Aims To investigate and compare antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in faeces from cohabiting dogs and owners. Methods and Results DNA from faecal samples from 35 dogs and 35 owners was screened for the presence of 34 clinically relevant ARGs using high throughput qPCR. In total, 24 and 25 different ARGs were present in the dog and owner groups, respectively. The households had a mean of 9.9 ARGs present, with dogs and owners sharing on average 3.3 ARGs. ARGs were shared significantly more in households with dogs over 6 years old (3.5, interquartile range 2.75–5.0) than in households with younger dogs (2.5, interquartile range 2.0–3.0) (p = 0.02). Dogs possessed significantly more mecA and aminoglycoside resistance genes than owners. Conclusions Dogs and owners can act as reservoirs for a broad range of ARGs belonging to several antimicrobial resistance classes. A modest proportion of the same resistance genes were present in both dogs and owners simultaneously, indicating that ARG transmission between the dog and human gut is of minor concern in the absence of antimicrobial selection. Significance and Impact of the Study This study provides insight into the common dog and human gut resistomes, contributing to an improved knowledge base in risk assessments regarding ARG transmission between dogs and humans.
Forfattere
Stephany Virrueta Herrera Kevin P. Johnson Andrew D. Sweet Eeva Ylinen Mervi Kunnasranta Tommi NymanSammendrag
Host-specialist parasites of endangered large vertebrates are in many cases more endangered than their hosts. In particular, low host population densities and reduced among-host transmission rates are expected to lead to inbreeding within parasite infrapopulations living on single host individuals. Furthermore, spatial population structures of directly-transmitted parasites should be concordant with those of their hosts. Using population genomic approaches, we investigated inbreeding and population structure in a host-specialist seal louse (Echinophthirius horridus) infesting the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis), which is endemic to Lake Saimaa in Finland, and is one of the most endangered pinnipeds in the world. We conducted genome resequencing of pairs of lice collected from 18 individual Saimaa ringed seals throughout the Lake Saimaa complex. Our analyses showed high genetic similarity and inbreeding between lice inhabiting the same individual seal host, indicating low among-host transmission rates. Across the lake, genetic differentiation among individual lice was correlated with their geographic distance, and assignment analyses revealed a marked break in the genetic variation of the lice in the middle of the lake, indicating substantial population structure. These findings indicate that movements of Saimaa ringed seals across the main breeding areas of the fragmented Lake Saimaa complex may in fact be more restricted than suggested by previous population-genetic analyses of the seals themselves.
Sammendrag
Interactions among fungi and insects involve hundreds of thousands of species. While insect communities on plants have formed some of the classic model systems in ecology, fungus-based communities and the forces structuring them remain poorly studied by comparison. We characterize the arthropod communities associated with fruiting bodies of eight mycorrhizal basidiomycete fungus species from three different orders along a 1200-km latitudinal gradient in northern Europe. We hypothesized that, matching the pattern seen for most insect taxa on plants, we would observe a general decrease in fungal-associated species with latitude. Against this backdrop, we expected local communities to be structured by host identity and phylogeny, with more closely related fungal species sharing more similar communities of associated organisms. As a more unique dimension added by the ephemeral nature of fungal fruiting bodies, we expected further imprints generated by successional change, with younger fruiting bodies harboring communities different from older ones. Using DNA metabarcoding to identify arthropod communities from fungal fruiting bodies, we found that latitude left a clear imprint on fungus-associated arthropod community composition, with host phylogeny and decay stage of fruiting bodies leaving lesser but still-detectable effects. The main latitudinal imprint was on a high arthropod species turnover, with no detectable pattern in overall species richness. Overall, these findings paint a new picture of the drivers of fungus-associated arthropod communities, suggesting that latitude will not affect how many arthropod species inhabit a fruiting body but, rather, what species will occur in it and at what relative abundances (as measured by sequence read counts). These patterns upset simplistic predictions regarding latitudinal gradients in species richness and in the strength of biotic interactions.
Forfattere
Simo MadunaSammendrag
Continued anthropogenic environmental change is wreaking havoc on natural populations, with the stresses and pulses of induced ecological processes affecting a species' local habitat, resulting in inadvertent distribution shifts, hybridization events, and eventual biodiversity loss. It is more critical than ever to monitor the unintended consequences of human activity on not only natural populations, but also community structures and ecosystems. DNA-based (genetic and genomic) monitoring is a critical component of biodiversity monitoring because it allows for the tracking and quantification of temporal changes in population genetic metrics or other population data. Genetic/genomic monitoring enables the estimation of a variety of biological parameters, including demographic parameters (abundance, occupancy, hybridization, and disease status), population genetic parameters (genetic diversity, structure, and effective population size), and responses to anthropogenic selective pressures (exploitation, biological invasions, and climate change). This keynote address will highlight the practical implications of integrating genetic data into management, conservation objectives, and policymaking, as well as capacity building through international partnerships, using case studies from the Norwegian Barents Region.
Sammendrag
Basisovervåkingen ‘ØKOFERSK – delprogram Nord’ omfattet 8 innsjøer, der tre er overvåket i 2017 og 2019, tre er overvåket i 2019 og to er overvåket for første gang i 2021. Alle de overvåkede innsjøene er angitt som potensielle referansesjøer. Resultatene viser at Magistervannet var i moderat tilstand, og at tilstanden var bestemt av planteplankton. De øvrige syv innsjøene var i god eller svært god tilstand. Samlet tilstand er angitt som ganske sikker for tre innsjøer, fordi datagrunnlaget er fra tre års overvåking, nokså usikker for tre innsjøer og svært usikker for to innsjøer.
Forfattere
Cornelya KlutschSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Michelle Wainstein Louisa B. Harding Sandra M. O'Neill Daryle T. Boyd Fred Koontz Bobbi Miller Cornelya Klutsch Philippe J. Thomas Gina M. YlitaloSammendrag
River otters (Lontra canadensis) are apex predators that bioaccumulate contaminants via their diet, potentially serving as biomonitors of watershed health. They reside throughout the Green-Duwamish River, WA (USA), a watershed encompassing an extreme urbanization gradient, including a US Superfund site slated for a 17-year remediation. The objectives of this study were to document baseline contaminant levels in river otters, assess otters’ utility as top trophic-level biomonitors of contaminant exposure, and evaluate the potential for health impacts on this species. We measured a suite of contaminants of concern, lipid content, nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N), and microsatellite DNA markers in 69 otter scat samples collected from twelve sites. Landcover characteristics were used to group sampling sites into industrial (Superfund site), suburban, and rural development zones. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ether flame-retardants (PBDEs), dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) increased significantly with increasing urbanization, and were best predicted by models that included development zone, suggesting that river otters are effective biomonitors, as defined in this study. Diet also played an important role, with lipid content, δ15N or both included in all best models. We recommend river otter scat be included in evaluating restoration efforts in this Superfund site, and as a potentially useful monitoring tool wherever otters are found. We also report ΣPCB and ΣPAH exposures among the highest published for wild river otters, with almost 70% of samples in the Superfund site exceeding established levels of concern.