Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Bjørn FrantzenSammendrag
40 slides som beskriver status for prosjektet.
Forfattere
Bjørn FrantzenSammendrag
A serie of 30 slides from Svalbard, the Pechora Sea and Novaya Zemlja presenting scientifical industrial and governmental activities of today.
Sammendrag
Oil transportation from the Russian part of the Barents Region along the Norwegian coast had insignificant volumes before 2002. However, in 2002 there was a dramatic increase in oil shipment, when 4 million tons was delivered westwards by the Barents Sea. In 2003, the volume reached 8 million tons. The trend continued in 2004, and about 12 million tons of export oil and refined products were transported from the Russian part of the Barents Region to the western market along the Norwegian coast. From 2005 to 2008, the annual shipment volumes were on the levels between 9.5 and 11.5 million tons. In 2009, Russian oil-and-gas export cargoes carried by the Barents Sea rose to 13 million tons, and in 2010, exceeded the level of 15 million tons. Norwegian Snøhvit, the first offshore production in the Barents Sea, added to these volumes 5 million cubic metres of liquefied gases (LNG and LPG) each of two recent years. The terminals loading oil for export in the Russian Western Arctic seas have been continuously developed, and the overall shipping capacity has been enlarged. The changes in oil volumes carried for export through the Barents Sea during the recent years were not so much dependent on the terminals‟ capacities and logistic schemes as on the external factors. The changes in the export taxes by the State and rates for cargo transportation by Russian railways, development of new trunk pipelines and sea terminals in the Baltic Sea and Far East by Transneft, bankruptcy of Volgotanker were a few examples that induced oil transport operators to develop new terminals in the Kola Bay and to focus more on petroleum products than crude oil. The big oil export challenges that occurred in the recent years due to conflicts between Russia and neighbouring transit countries made the Russian Government and Transneft to reorient the Russian oil export routes and increase the capacities of the Baltic Pipeline System (BPS) to 75 million tons in 2007, with the prospects to reach 150 million tons in 2015. Construction of Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean pipeline (ESPO) was launched, the first phase with a branch to China was put on stream in 2010, and a new terminal in the Far East started to ship oil for export. In the south, the project of Burgas-Alexandropoulis pipeline was developed. In the north, Kharyaga-Indiga pipeline project was frozen because a new Varandey terminal came on full scale. The year of 2009 started with an export gas transit conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The Government of Russia and Gazprom highlighted the importance of constructing Nord Stream and South Stream gas pipelines through the Baltic and the Black seas to let Russia export natural gas to Western Europe bypassing its neighbouring countries, the former Soviet sister-republics. In 2009, Russia launched its first LNG plant in Far East in Sakhalin. Three more LNGs are planned in the Arctic, in the Kola Peninsula, in Nenets region, and in Yamal. Those plants can start shipping liquefied gas in 2016-2017. The first oil from offshore production in the Russian Barents should come from Prirazlomnoye oil field. Prirazlomnaya platform left Severodvinsk and came to Murmansk for completion in the fall of 2010. The plan is to deliver the platform on its production destination and put the oil field on stream in 2011. The Prirazlomnaya platform will be the second big offshore installation in the Pechora Sea. The first one, 12 million tons Varandey terminal, was launched in 2008, and already in 2009 sent more than 7 million tons of crude oil for export. Lukoil plans to increase the terminal oil offloading volumes building 8 million tons pipeline from Kharyaga to Varandey. In the present report on oil transportation in the Barents Region, we have given special attention to the description of the existing and prospective offshore and onshore oil and gas terminals in the northern regions of Russia and Norway, and their connection to hydrocarbon reserves on one hand and to the export routes on the other. We demonstrate that even without a Russian oil trunk pipeline to the Barents Sea coast, that was discussed a few years ago, the overall capacity of the terminals shipping oil and gas for export along the northern coast of Russian and Norway can reach 100 million tons in five years perspective. In Russia, about 50 million tons of crude oil and petroleum products can be delivered by railway to the Murmansk port terminals in the Barents Sea, and Kandalaksha and Arkhangelsk in the White Sea. In addition, up to 20 million tons of oil will come from the northern Timano-Pechora oil fields - 12.5 million via the new Varandey terminal, and 7.5 million from Prirazlomnoye field. Dolginskoye oil field, which is estimated to be three times as big as Prirazlomnoye, will be the next large offshore field in the Pechora Sea put on stream. With port infrastructure developed on Yamal, the terminals in the Kara Sea can ship 3 million tons of Western Siberia crude oil for export. Shtokman in the Barents Sea and Tambey in Yamal gas fields can offload 12.5 million tons of liquefied gas in 2017, when the first phases of both LNG plants are completed. In Norway, in addition to 5 million tons of liquefied gas shipped from Snøhvit, Goliat oil field in the Barents Sea should be put on stream in 2013 and produce 5 million tons of oil in 2014. In 2010, there were made a number of historic voyages by the Northern Sea Route. We will see more cargo vessel passages through this Arctic shipping lane in 2011. In a long term perspective, the Northern Sea Route will give the way for huge Yamal and Kara Sea oil-and-gas resources to the western markets via the Barents Sea; and it will also open possibilities for transit cargo transportation from Europe to Asia Pacific along the Arctic coast. In the European part of Russia there are three possibilities for shipping oil for export - through the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the Barents Sea. Out of these three options, only the northern way can provide the stable cargo shipping directly to major European and North American harbours, avoiding transit challenges through neighbouring countries or heavy traffic in the sea straits. Oil pollution prevention should be the central issue during oil transportation in the Barents Sea. The year 2010 was marked with the Mexican Gulf accident, the largest oil spill ever happened in the sea that put issues of marine environmental protection against oil pollution to a high international political agenda. In this report, we pay attention to the environmental safety matters in oil transportation and Norwegian-Russian co-operation in the oil pollution prevention. We see more advanced and safer terminals and vessels operating in the region. However, the number of accidents with sea vessels was increasing worldwide the last 10 years due to human errors. Traffic control and monitoring are developed both in Norway and Russia. Establishment of an early warning and notification system between two countries should be the next step. The Treaty on a delimitation line in the Barents Sea, that was signed between Norway and Russia in 2010 and ratified in 2011, should put relations between two countries on a new level opening wider possibilities for oil-and-gas, maritime shipping and environmental cooperation.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Foredrag – Ornithological tourism as a new line in recreation territories development
Bjørn Frantzen
Forfattere
Bjørn FrantzenSammendrag
A talk of 55 slides that presents bird tourism as such and a brid tourism project in Finnmark, Norway specifically.
Forfattere
Bjørn FrantzenSammendrag
7 pictures of Arctic landscapes.
Forfattere
Bjørn FrantzenSammendrag
Utstilling av 25 bilder fra Varzuga landsbys 590-årsjubileum i 2009 utstilt i Varzuga Pomormuseum.
Forfattere
Hallvard JensenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The protected brown bears (Ursus arctos) of Northern Europe are often involved in conflicts with humans, livestock depredation as well as subjected to illegal hunting. STR markers are the preferred forensic tools applied in wildlife crime cases and may be used for traceability and as tools for population management. Thus, a validated STR profiling system according to forensic standards is suggested. We have estimated allele frequencies and analysed repeat structure of 13 STR loci (G1D, G10B, Mu05, Mu09, Mu15, Mu26, G1A, G10L, Mu10, Mu23, Mu50, Mu51, Mu59) in 479 individuals of eight Northern European brown bear populations. STR analysis of hair- and faecal-samples (> 5000) collected in the field as well as tissue samples from shot bears (93) were used to genotype the individuals. The success rate for samples collected in the field was approximately 70%. Species specificity testing showed no false positive bear genotypes. These results show that hairs and faecal samples represent an excellent source for bear DNA that may be utilized to sample allele frequency estimates from living populations. For the eight different populations (four from Norway, one from Sweden and one from Finland and two from Northwest Russia) we have determined the observed and expected heterozygosities, departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, population substructures and probabilities of identity. Our results suggest that samples can be assigned to a particular individual if using a combination of ten or more of the validated markers in this brown bear DNA profiling system.
Forfattere
Hans Geir EikenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag