Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
Most fungicide applications targeting apple scab aim to control primary infections caused by ascospores and spraying is thereby linked to ascospore availability. We investigated the effect of pre bud break climatic conditions on seasonal patterns of ascospore release. Apple leaves bearing pseudothecia of Venturia inaequalis were overwintered at orchard sites in 8 countries for up to 3 years. Leaf samples were collected 2 to 5 weeks before bud break and again at bud break, air dried, and sent via airmail to Norway. The samples were stored at -18 ºC upon arrival until tested. Disks cut from each replicate leaf sample were incubated moist at 20 ºC to allow ascospore maturation but prevent discharge. Matured ascospores were induced to discharge twice a week and enumerated until the supply was exhausted. The proportion of ascospores ejected was fitted against degree day accumulation using logistic regression. The regression intercept (onset maturation), slope (maturation rate), as well as the absolute number of spores counted differed significantly (P < 0.001, P = 0.05, P < 0.001 respectively) among sites and sampling dates. There was a significant interaction between site and sampling date, indicating that climatic conditions prior to bud break differentially impacted the subsequent ascospore availability. Observed differences could perhaps be used to further refine previously described models of ascospore maturity.
Sammendrag
Bitterrote på søtkirsebær er rapportert frå Sveits, Ungarn og Norge. Det er lite publisert kunnskap om sjukdomen på søtkirsebær. Artikkelen gjev eit oversyn over arbeid gjort i Noreg.
Sammendrag
Samandrag av kunnskap frå forsøk utført i Noreg.
Sammendrag
Artikkelen gjev eit oversyn over arbeid med bitterote på eple under lagring i Noreg.
Sammendrag
Colletotrichum acutatum is the causal agent of anthracnose/bitter rot in cherry and apple in Norway. It is the most important fruit decay in sour cherry in the country and may give severe losses also in sweet cherry and apple. Single spore isolates frequently develops the ascigerous stage of the fungus (Glomerella acutata) in culture, but it has not yet been detected on apple or cherry plant material. We thus anticipate that the predominant inoculum source is conidia (formed in acervuli). The fungus overwinters in old infected fruits and fruit stalks, in bud shells and in wood of cherry and apple. Infected flowers and leaves may serve as additional inoculum for fruit infections during the growing season. If still attached to the tree, fruits and fruit stalks of sour cherry infected the previous year may produce inoculum of C. acutatum throughout the entire following season. Up to 80% of the fruit spurs on sweet cherry may have buds infected with C. acutatum in spring. Apple buds may also contain the fungus. More than 90% of the sweet cherry leaves may contain C. acutatum around harvest in heavily infected orchards. The entire leaf surface may be infected, but visible infections never appear. We frequently also find such asymptomatic leaf infections in apples. Most of the inoculum seems to be present on the fruit trees themselves. However, initial inoculum in newly planted, disease free plantings may come from older fruit trees, ornamentals and weeds in or in close vicinity to the orchards.
Sammendrag
Forsøk har synt at det mest vanlege dekkesystemet over søtkirsebær i Noreg kan nyttast både som eit alternativ og eit supplement til sprøytingar med kjemiske middel mot rotesoppar som angrip søtkirsebærfrukter.
Sammendrag
Det er funne ein klår samanhang mellom når epla er hausta og kor mykje rote som utviklar seg på lager for økologisk dyrka eple. Rett haustetid kan difor vera eit tiltak for å unngå roitning på lager.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Extensive damage by the needle parasites Delphinella abietis and Herpotrichia parasitica (Herpotrichia Needle Browning) was recently observed at the west coast of Norway. D. abietis was by far the most widespread, but once established in the field, the damage potential seemed to be equally high for both pathogens. D. abietis occurred on subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Turkish fir (A. bornmuelleriana), Siberian fir (A. sibirica), and nordmann fir (A. nordmanniana) in Christmas tree plantations, and minor damage was seen on Noble fir (A. procera) for bough production. H. parasitica was found on Turkish fir and nordmann fir in Christmas tree plantations. None of the diseases are new to Abies spp. in Norway, but they have not previously been reported from Christmas tree fields.
Sammendrag
CSNN is common on Abies spp. both in the USA and Europe. To our knowledge the main focus on seeking an explanation to the problem has been on noninfectious/abiotic factors like nutrition and effect of shading. Thus, we decided to look into possible fungal infections on symptomatic needles. We examined samples from Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana) both in Norway and Austria. This resulted in a number of fungi.