Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Forfattere
Kirsten TørresenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Book of Abstracts p. 225: Perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) is a problematic weed in arable crops in northern Europe. To control S. arvensis, strategies which reduce both seeds and creeping root production are essential. Inducing repeated sprouting should result in depleting root reserves and reduction in the subsequent shoot emergence. Earlier studies of S. arvensis in the northern European countries have shown a restricted sprouting ability from July/August/ September to October/November. To better understand the sprouting patterns, we conducted joint outdoor pot experiments from March 2020 until July 2021 in three northern European regions: Northern Germany, Norway, and Finland. In each pot, root pieces of 5 cm from local plant material were planted at 5cm depth. Above-ground plants were cut at the soil surface in the growing season of 2020 at 1) flower-bud stage, 2) first visible open flowers, 3) start of seed production, and 4) withering stage. Shoots were counted monthly in 2020 and 2021. In the year 2020, in Germany, sprouting, flowering, seed-set, and withering started earlier than at the other two sites. Significantly more shoots showed up at the flower-bud stage in Germany and Finland compared to Norway. In Finland, significantly more shoots were observed at the later cutting stages compared to the first counts at the flower bud stage. As a subsequent effect, fewest shoots showed up in 2021 at the German and Finnish sites after cutting at flower bud and early flowering stage. The lowest emerged shoot number in 2021 for Norway tended to occur after cutting at the flower bud stage and the start of seed production. Accordingly, cutting at the flower-bud stage decreases the ability to produce shoots in the next year. Keywords: Perennial sow-thistle, sprouting, cutting, shoots Acknowledgements: This research was part of the project “AC/DC-weeds” which is funded by ERA-Net Cofund SusCrop/EU Horizon 2020, Grant no. 771134
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Bärbel Gerowitt Sabine Andert Lars Olav Brandsæter Jesper Rasmussen Marie-Helene Robin Jukka Salonen Kirsten Tørresen Han ZhangSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Kirsten Tørresen Jukka Salonen Lars Olav Brandsæter Björn Ringselle Marian M. Weigel Eliyeh Ganji Bärbel GerowittSammendrag
Book of Abstracts p. 213: The perennial creeping weeds Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Sonchus arvensis L. and Elymus repens (L.) Gould cause large problems in agricultural production in northern Europe. The management of these species is difficult in organic farming, but easier in conventional farming using herbicides. We collected and analysed literature on the response of these weed species to management practices in order to find knowledge gaps. C. arvense and E. repens are more studied compared to S. arvensis. Both C. arvense and E. repens have recently been the subjects of extended reviews. Elymus repens, a rhizomatous grass, is vulnerable to disturbance and competition due to weak seasonal dormancy, shallow creeping rhizomes and short-lived and low-spreading seeds. Tillage and mowing can effectively control E. repens, but efficacy varies between clones, seasons and treatment frequencies. Combined effects of direct control and competition from main crop/subsidiary crop merit further research. Cirsium arvense and S. arvensis are dicot species with creeping roots, with C. arvense roots being situated deeper in the soil than S. arvensis and both having deeper roots than the rhizomes of E. repens. Cirsium arvense can sprout from the intact root system even below the plough layer. Spring tillage has been shown to control C. arvense better than autumn tillage, and horizontal root cutter (prototype) have promising results on this species. Sonchus arvensis sprouts mainly in spring and summer thus indicating seasonal dormancy. Therefore, spring tillage controls S. arvensis better than autumn tillage. The effect of competition from main crop and subsidiary crops needs further investigation. While E. repens and C. arvense can be significantly controlled by a simple mechanical control strategy alone (repeated tillage and deep root disturbance, respectively), S. arvensis must be managed by a combination of different non-chemical methods. Identified gaps focus on the deep root system and sexual reproduction (C. arvense), the link between disturbance, competition, withering and dormancy in roots (S. arvensis), and the long-term effect of different integrated weed management strategies on the population dynamics (E. repens). We conclude that more research on all three species is needed, especially on the less studied S. arvensis. Keywords: Couch grass, creeping thistle, perennial sow-thistle, mechanical control, crop competition, cover crop, subsidiary crop Acknowledgements: This research was part of the project “AC/DC-weeds- Applying and Combining Disturbance and Competition for an agro-ecological management of creeping perennial weeds” funded within the ERA-Net Cofund SusCrop/EU Horizon 2020, Grant no. 771134.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Kirsten TørresenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag