Publikasjoner
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2011
Sammendrag
The recent flooding episode in Norway from May this year shows the necessity of understanding the processes of water discharge from small tributaries feeding the larger river systems. The major objective of the recently started ExFlood project is to define and analyze measures to combat negative impact of extreme weather events on infrastructure in small watershed areas in Norway and to incorporate this in a land use planning tool. Urban, agriculture, nature, and forest areas and infrastructure elements demands different approaches concerning impacts of and opportunities for extreme weather events. The approach of the ExFlood project is to reduce the peak flow and delay the peak time to avoid damages on infrastructure. Three municipalities from different climate regions in Norway contribute to the project where the planning tool will be tested, and an experimental catchment site is selected to conduct in depth process studies.
Sammendrag
SUMMARY: With new legislation regarding the waste sector we have studied changes in the average compostion of leachate from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills from 1998 to 2002, compared to 2005 to 2010, based on standard monitoring programmes from six landfiills. As expected the concentrations of BOD and phosphorous have been reduced in the studied period, but not COD. Nitrogen and sulphur seem to have increased. As intended also Cd, Cr and Hg whereas Pb seems to have been increased. Also salt elements, such as Na and K, increased. Most organic parameters are reduced except for oil and pesticides. The treatment at the six locations seems to be as effective as expected
Sammendrag
Tracers can be used to monitor emisions of leachate from landfills, in order to detect hydrological pathways and to evaluate environmental pollution. We investigated the occurrence of the stable carbon isotope ratio (13C measured in dissolved inorganic carbon, or d13C-SCO2) and tritium (3H), in addition to parameters commonly found in relatively high concentrations in leachate such as chloride (Cl), organic matter (COD), nitrogen (Total and NH4-N), iron (Fe), electrical conductivity and pH. The sampling was performed at seven landfills in the south-eastern part of Norway during a period of 5 years. The objective was to evaluate the potential for tracing leachate in the environment with emphasis on groundwater pollution. By analyzing the d13C-SCO2 ratio in leachates, ground waters and surface waters the influence of leachate can be identified. The content of d13C-SCO2 varied from -5.5 to 25.9‰ in leachate, from -25.4 to 14.7‰ in groundwater, and varied between -19.7 to -13.1‰ in creeks. A comparison of the content of carbon isotope ratio with the concentrations of the compounds COD, electrical conductivity, Total- and NH4-N, Cl and Fe showed that d13C-SCO2 is a good tracer for leachate due to higher sensitivity compared to other parameters. The mean concentration of all the studied parameters was higher in the leachate samples, however, only the carbon isotope ratio showed significant differences between all of the groups strongly and weakly polluted and unpolluted samples, showing that it can be used as a practical tracer for lechate in groundwater and surface water. The carbon isotope ratioshowed strong correlation between nitrogen and electrical conductivity, and bicarbonate, but not with pH. Tritium was only found sporadically in low concentrations and is considered not suitable as a tracer at the sampled locations.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Even Sannes Riiser Jihong Liu Clarke Ingrid Holtsmark Sonja Klemsdal Sadhu Leelavathi Andreas Lössl Vanga S. Reddy Sekhar Udaya Nagothu Hege Særvold Steen Sathyamangalam Swaminathan Rebekka ØvstegårdSammendrag
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Sammendrag
http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2011 search: EGU2011-13794
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