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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2006

Til dokument

Sammendrag

I 2005 ble kronetettheten redusert med 1,1% for gran og 1,6% for furu landet sett under ett, og nedgangen var tydeligst i Agderfylkene og i Oppland. For bjørk økte derimot kronetettheten med 1,3% sammenliknet med året før. Kronefargen forbedret seg for gran og bjørk med færre misfargede trær i Norge. Unntaket var Agder og Østlandet der det var en økning i misfargede grantrær. For furu var andelen gule og misfargede trær uendret. Det er de eldste trærne som er mest utsatt for misfarging. Avdøingen var omtrent to promille hos furu, mens den var i overkant av tre promille for gran og bjørk. Denne avdøingen må betraktes som normal, og igjen er det de eldste trærne som er mest utsatt og har høyest dødelighet. Skogens helsetilstand, registrert ved kronetetthet, misfarging og avdøing, påvirkes i stor grad av klimatiske forhold, enten direkte som ved tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at det påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep. Det ble registrert få sopp- og insektangrep i løpet av registreringsperioden. I skogovervåkingen med permanente felt vil også trærnes økte alder bidra til negative trender over tid. Langtransporterte luftforurensninger kan komme i tillegg til eller virke sammen med klimatiske forhold. Forhøyede nitratkonsentrasjoner ble funnet i jordvann ved Lardal. Det er usikkert hvilken betydning dette har, og vil bli fulgt opp fremover.

2005

Sammendrag

The substitution of biomass for fossil fuels in energy consumption is a measure to mitigate global warming, and political action plans at European and national levels exist for an increased use. The use of forest biomass for energy can imply different economic and environmental advantages and disadvantages for the society, the energy sector and forestry. For the achievement of an increased and sustainable use of forest biomass for energy, the WOOD-EN-MAN project aimed at synthesis and creation of new knowledge within the field.

Sammendrag

Root and needle litter are the most important sources of organic carbon in forest soils. Their decomposition is thus important for the long-term storage of C in, and release of CO2 from, the soil. Different components in the organic matter will decompose with different speeds. NIRS (Near InfraRed Spectroscopy) is a relatively simple and promising way of analysing the composition of organic matter, but its use in forest soil and litter studies has been limited up to now. We will present preliminary results from litter decomposition studies in two forest ecosystems: Picea abies stands (30 and 120 years old) from Nordmoen, Norway, and uneven-aged P. abies stands with a mean age of 90 years and under different N treatments at Gårdsjön, Sweden. ags with litter collected from the stands have been buried in the soil for different time periods and have been analysed using a CHN-analyzer and NIRS. Two aspects will be discussed: a) model calibration and validation for C and N concentrations, and b) assessment of decomposability using NIRS.

Sammendrag

We investigate ecosystem dynamics by analyzing time series of measured variables. The information content and the complexity of these data are quantifed by methods from information theory.When applied to runoff (stream discharge) from catchments, the information/complexity relation reveals a simple non-trivial property for a large ensemble (more than 1800) of time series. This behaviour is so far not understood in hydrology.Using a multi-agent network receiving input resembling rainfall and producing output, we are able to reproduce the observed behaviour for the first time. The reconstruction is based on the identification and subsequent replacement of general patterns in the input. We thus consider runoff dynamics as the expression of an interactive learning problem of agents in an ecosystem.

Sammendrag

We investigate a data set of 160 river runoff time series at daily resolution from catchments in Southern Germany. Our aim is to seek spatial patterns for best parametrization of extreme value distributions to these data sets on one hand, and to analyze temporal instationarities of parameter estimates and extreme value attributes on the other. Conventional extreme value statistics and the calculation of return periods implicitly assume that the most extreme events are statistically independent. We demonstrate that this assumption is invalid, and that correlations, temporal as well as spatial, of arbitrary extent prevail instead. An important consequence is that the concept of return periods is obsolete. In order to find explanatory variables for the observed patterns, features of the waiting time distribution at a given relative threshold are correlated to catchment properties, such as size, mean runoff volume, elevation, and others. Finally, the effect of varying temporal resolution on the duration periods is exhibited. http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU05/03192/EGU05-J-03192.pdf