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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2010

Sammendrag

The utilization history of the Lange Bramke catchment and the northern Harz mountains is dominated by ore mining. Historical documents were used to provide ample evidence that forestry and water utilization were managed according to administrative goals in a largely centralized manner. However, the perception of the landscape and its function and purpose have changed significantly over the centuries. In particular, the distinction between renewable (such as forests) and non-renewable resources (such as ore deposits) is a rather modern one, as is the principle of sustainability. This change in perception is apparent from the type of maps used, the different conflicts on property and exploitation rights, and the request for quantitative inventories of resources, appearing only quite late in the mining history. The remnants of smelters and charcoal production still demonstrate the importance of historical land use for proper interpretation of monitoring data.

Sammendrag

In European forests, standing stocks are currently higher than ever during the last decades, in part due to reduced logging or the abandonment of agricultural land. However, data from intensive monitoring plots reveal an increased growth even without direct human intervention.We used a set of 363 plots from 16 European countries to investigate the influence of environmental factors on forest growth: nitrogen, sulphur and acid deposition, temperature, precipitation and drought, for Norway spruce, Scots pine, common beech and European as well as sessile oak.We used existing information on site productivity, stand age and stand density to estimate expected growth. Relative tree growth, i.e., the ratio between actual growth within a five-year period and expected growth, was then related to environmental factors in a stepwise multiple regression.The results consistently indicate a fertilizing effect from nitrogen deposition, with roughly one percent increase in site productivity per kg of nitrogen deposition per ha and year, or 20 kg C fixation per kg N deposition. This was most pronounced for plots having soil C/N ratios above 25. We also found a positive albeit less clear relationship between relative growth and summer temperatures.From the study, we cannot conclude on any detrimental effects on growth from sulphur and acid deposition or from drought periods. A very recent study from the U.S., comprising 4800 plots and 24 tree species, confirms our results. However, we also show that the magnitude of N deposition effects on global forest C balance is currently a highly controversial matter, and comment on this debate. http://www.cef-cfr.ca/uploads/Colloque/Programme10_5.pdf

Sammendrag

The Lange Bramke catchment has been investigated as a monitored catchment for 60 years. However, its utilization history even dates back to medieval times, and is well documented in part. The intense interplay between ore mining, forestry, and water resources exploitation left remains such as scoriae piles and modified forest growth, e.g. due to local pollution at smelter locations. It is demonstrated that considering local land use history is important for a proper understanding and interpretation of modern monitoring data. A theoretical framework is proposed for the integration of the two data sources. This requires a joint approach combining two modelling paradigms, the functional one dominating in current ecosystem research, and an interactive one which best characterizes the human–environment relationship in historic times.

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Helsetilstanden hos bartrær må betegnes som tilfredsstillende, men hos gran ble det observert en del toppskranting og avdøing i hogstklasse 3 og 4. Vi registrerte få insekt- og soppskader på gran der 0,4% av trærne var skadet, mens 1,5% av furutrærne hadde slike biotiske skader. Antall nye toppbrekk, vindfall og andre snø- og vindrelaterte skader var omtrent på samme nivå som tidligere i overvåkingsperioden. Kronetettheten utviklet seg positivt for treslagene gran, furu og bjørk i 2009, selv om bjørk fortsatt har lav gjennomsnittelig kronetetthet. Kronefargen utviklet seg også positivt for bartrærne med 1,6% flere gran- og 5,5% flere furutrær med frisk kronefarge i 2009 enn i 2008. For bjørk ble det derimot registrert 1% færre trær med frisk grønn farge. Det er de eldste trærne som er mest utsatt for kroneutglisning og misfarging. Helsetilstanden til trær, registrert ved kronetetthet, misfarging og skader, påvirkes i stor grad direkte av værforhold som tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at været påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep. Langtransporterte luftforurensninger kan komme i tillegg til eller virke sammen med klimatiske forhold.....