Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2025
Authors
Corinne Butler Amber Moore Nicole AndersonAbstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) frass, a byproduct of insect farming, can be used as a nitrogen (N) source in cereal production, although its impacts on grain protein, grain yield, and nitrate (NO3-N) leaching are not well understood. This study determined the effect of different BSFL frass and urea combinations on hard red spring (HRS) wheat grain protein, grain yield, above-ground N uptake, post-harvest soil N, and NO3-N leaching. Wheat response to three urea/BSFL frass blends (100% urea/0% frass, 67% urea/33% frass, and 33% urea/67% frass) was evaluated at two N rates (141 and 281 kg N ha-1) alongside a non-amended control in a greenhouse using a Willamette silt loam (soil NO3-N concentration of 13.6 mg kg-1). At 141 kg N ha-1, increasing frass-N from 0 to 67% of the total N in the urea-frass blends caused a linear decline in grain yield from 26 to 19 g pot-1, with grain protein only declining from 33 to 67% frass-N. At 281 kg N ha-1, yield, protein, and plant N uptake declined when frass-N increased from 33 to 67%. Replacing 33% urea-N with frass-N at 281 kg N ha-1 decreased soil NO3-N by 86%. A leaching component showed NO3-N leaching was 17x higher for 100% urea than the 33% urea/67% BSFL frass blend at 281 kg N ha-1. Gradual mineralization of organic frass-N may have limited N early in the season, decreasing yield at increased frass proportions, whereas extended N mineralization later in the season helped maintain grain protein concentrations. Continued plant N uptake and unreleased organic frass-N at season’s end likely decreased soil NO3-N accumulation with frass blends. These results indicate that substituting up to one-third of urea with BSFL frass at recommended N rates may sustain HRS wheat grain yield and grain protein while substantially reducing NO3-N leaching potential.
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Authors
Corinne Butler Amber Moore Nicole AndersonAbstract
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Jing Zhou Qianyi Duan Nicole AndersonAbstract
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Sissel Torre Martin Knoop Knut Asbjørn Solhaug Emil Joakim Wolff Anthony Henk Maessen Shailaja Thapa Michel VerheulAbstract
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presentation Sludge network meeting, 2025
Authors
Payel Bhattacharjee YeonKyeong Lee Marcos Viejo Gareth Benjamin Gillard Simen Rød Sandve Torgeir Rhoden Hvidsten Brit Salbu Dag Anders Brede Jorunn Elisabeth OlsenAbstract
Conifers are among the most radiosensitive plant species. Elevated, sublethal levels of ionising radiation result in reduced apical dominance in conifers, indicating a negative effect on shoot apical meristems (SAMs). The SAMs, harbouring the pluripotent stem cells, generate all the cells of the shoot, enabling growth and reproduction. However, knowledge on the effects of ionising radiation on such stem cells is scarce, but important for risk assessment and radioprotection of plants in contaminated ecosystems. Here, we assessed the sensitivity of in vitro-grown stem cells of Norway spruce to 144 h of gamma irradiation at 1–100 mGy h −1 , using such cells as a model for molecular toxicity of gamma radiation in conifers. Although there were no visible effects of the gamma irradiation on cell proliferation and subsequent embryo formation, dose rate-dependent DNA damage was observed at ≥ 10 mGy h −1 , and comprehensive organelle damage at all dose rates. Massive dose rate-dependent transcriptome changes occurred, with downregulation of a range of genes related to cell division, DNA repair and protein folding but upregulation of stress-related hormonal pathways and several antioxidant-related genes. The upregulation of such genes, survival and continued proliferation of at least a subset of cells and the post-irradiation normalisation of expression of DNA repair and protein-folding genes together with somatic embryo formation suggest that stem cells are able to recover from gamma-irradiation-induced stress. Collectively, regardless of cellular abnormalities after gamma irradiation, and huge transcriptomic shifts towards stress management pathways, the pluripotent stem cell cultures were able to retain their stemness.
Authors
Hannah Rivedal Todd Temple Robert Starchvick Joseph Gallagher Dustin Herb Jason Crisp Nicole Anderson Tatiana Benedetti Amy PeetzAbstract
Oregon’s grass seed industry specialises in producing forage grasses including annual ryegrass (ARG, Lolium multiflorum), a host for the seed gall nematode (SGN, Anguina funesta). SGN causes yield- limiting seed galls and are strictly regulated in international trade. From 2019 to 2020, over 500 metric tons of Oregon ARG seed were rejected from international ports due to SGN detection. A 2022 field survey of 22 ARG fields in the Willamette Valley of Oregon resulted in SGN detection in 50% of the fields throughout the growing season. Several approaches managing SGN are under evaluation. Previous reports indicate that there may be genetic resistance to SGN in other Lolium species. Therefore, a breeding population of 240 public accessions of L. multiflorum have been seeded with two seed galls and planted in the field. Seed were harvested to evaluate for galls in July 2025 and to identify potential resistant families for future study. To date, no nematicides are labelled for the control of SGN. Varied fluopyram timings and rates, as well as an untreated control, are being evaluated in the field with and without growth regulation for SGN control. Seed yield and galled seed data was collected showing limited differences between treatments. Cultural control methods are also being considered, including seed cleaning and utilizing high energy pulses on seed galls. Preliminary data suggests that these could be viable treatments to reduce SGN inoculum. Successful control options for the SGN in ARG seed production are important to reduce the spread of this nematode globally and maintain healthy forage production.