Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2016
Authors
Jorunn BørveAbstract
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Authors
J.A.M. Janssen J.S. Rodwell M. García Criado S. Gubbay T. Haynes A. Nieto N. Sanders F. Landucci J. Loidi A. Ssymank T. Tahvanainen M. Valderrabano A. Acosta M. Aronsson G. Arts F. Attorre E. Bergmeier R.-J. Bijlsma F. Bioret C. Bita-Nicolae I. Biurrun M. Calix J. Capelo A. Carni M. Chytrý J. Dengler P. Dimopoulos F. Essl H. Gardfjell D. Petrucci Gigante G. Giusso del Galdo M. Hájek F. Jansen Jutta Kapfer A. Mickolajczak J.A. Molina Z. Molnár D. Paternoster A. Piernik B. Poulin B. Renaux Joop H.J. Schaminée K. Sumberova H. Toivonen T. Tonteri I. Tsiripidis R. Tzonev M. ValachovicAbstract
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Abstract
The Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is a major forest pest in Europe, capable of mass-attacking and killing mature Norway spruces over extensive areas during outbreaks. Recurring outbreaks over the last few centuries have affected Central and Northern Europe. Outbreaks tend to be periodic and are in many cases triggered by large wind-felling events. For example in Scandinavia several large outbreaks have been triggered by storm disturbances in the last 50 years. In Europe I. typographus is widespread where spruce hosts are found except for in the British Isles. Here we review the identification and biology of this insect and present information about its invasiveness and the potential of success in early detection and control of outbreaks. There are indications that a warmer climate will increase the risk for outbreaks in the northern range of spruce in Europe, where outbreaks so far have been rare. More outbreaks are also expected at the southern margin of the spruce distribution in Europe, where lower than average precipitation seems to generally favor infestations. Establishments outside Eurasia have not been found despite frequent interceptions at ports of entry. Our experiments showed that North American spruce species may be suitable hosts and we conclude that it cannot be ruled out that future establishment can result from repeated imports. The most efficient control option of storm-triggered outbreaks is removal of wind-felled trees before the new generation beetles emerge.
Authors
David N Barton Tom Andersen Olvar Bergland Alexander Engebretsen S. Jannicke Moe Geir I Orderud Koji Tominaga Eirik Romstad Rolf D VogtAbstract
The term “integrated valuation” is defined and its relevance is discussed in terms of bridging the gap between cost-effectiveness analysis and economic valuation in the implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive. We demonstrate how to integrate benefit valuation with the ecosystem services cascade framework using an Object-Oriented Bayesian Network (OOBN). The OOBN is then used to assess the benefits of nutrient abatement measures across a cascade of submodels of the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) chain for the Vanemfjord lake in Morsa catchment in south-eastern Norway. The lake is part of a complex lake system in a semi-urbanized catchment dominated by forest and agriculture. The catchment has highly variable seasonal climatic conditions affecting nutrient run-off and algal blooms. It has been one of the most eutrophic lakes in Norway with periodic cyanobacteria blooms, but continues to attract a large recreational user population, despite the large variations in water quality. The “DPSIR-OOBN” model is used as a case study of “integrated valuation” and evaluated for its applicability for decision support in nutrient abatement. We find that the DPSIR-OOBN model meets seven of the nine criteria we propose for “integrated valuation”. The model struggles to meet the criteria that ecological, social and economic values should be defined consistently in relation to impacts on lake quality. While the DPSIR-OOBN integrates from valuation methods across an ecosystem cascade to management alternatives, it is neither a full benefit-cost analysis, nor a multi-criteria analysis. However, we demonstrate how the DPSIR-OOBN can be used to explore issues of consistency in scaling and weighting of different ecological, social and economic values in the catchment system. Bayesian belief networks offer a consistent approach to analysing how management implementation probability may determine economic valuation. We discuss the implication of our integrated valuation not being able to account for farmer responses, in particular the incentive effects of the model not being able to predict abatement effectiveness and value. The resolution of the nutrient monitoring data and modeling technologies that were at our disposal are probably better in the Morsa catchment than for any other catchment of this size in Norway. We therefore conclude that using our integrated valuation model for assessing benefits of eutrophication abatement measures as part of the EU Water Framework Directive still lies in the realm of utopia – euphemistically speaking a “eutropia”.
Authors
Asbjørn VeidalAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
It is widely accepted that legume crops yield and basic chemical composition of pulses regarding crude proteins content are closely dependent on agro-environmental conditions and cropping system. Monoculture is used mostly in conventional agriculture, where the same crop is cultivated on the same land for a 12-month period. In an organic and integrated growing approach more attention is paid to plant-environment interactions, and as a result, diverse growing systems applying intercropping, catch crops, green manure, alternatives are being implemented. Thus, trials aimed at increasing the current knowledge on sustainable agriculture constitute an essential part of EUROLEGUME, which envisages the comparison of organic vs conventional cropping systems for faba bean and pea production in northern Europe. Thus, field experiments were set up in two different locations (AREI - Latvia and NIBIO -Norway). Results obtained showed significant differences in yield between tested genotypes of faba bean and pea. For pea most yielding cultivars (‘Klara’ and ‘Kirke’) slightly differed between trial locations, being the most promising in both locations. On the other hand, on faba bean accessions ‘Julia’ and ‘Lielplatones’ exhibited the highest yield in Norway, and ‘Bauska’ and ‘Lielpaltones’ in Latvia. Apart from the evaluation of the impact of crop rotation on legumes yield, the influence of legumes as intercrop with horticultural crops was also evaluated on a two years’ study, on vegetables and strawberry crops in Latvia. This work showed that the most efficient intercropping variants were cabbage/faba bean and carrot/faba bean, whilst onion and faba bean intercrop are not recommended.
Authors
Knut Erik Tollefsen Kine Bæk Ana Almeida Linn Anette Haug Hans Ragnar Norli Sven R. Odenmarck Marianne StenrødAbstract
This project evaluated whether the principles of combined toxicity assessment (CTA) and cumulative risk assessment (CRA) can be used to predict the toxicity of ecologically-relevant mixtures of plant protection products (PPPs) in surface waters receiving run-off from Norwegian agricultural areas. A combination of testing solid phase extracts (SPE), whole surface water and a synthetic mixture in an algal bioassay and predicting combined toxicity using CTA models were conducted on selected samples from the Heia catchment (Råde, Norway). The results demonstrated that designing and testing synthetic mixtures on the basis of measured concentrations of PPPs was the best method for the accurate determination of combined toxicity due to confounding factors introduced by whole water and SPE testing. Combined toxicity models based on Concentration Addition (CA) successfully predicted the toxicity of the complex synthetic mixture and verified that a mixture of PPPs acted in an additive manner. Tiered assessment of the cumulative risk of active PPP substances and PPP formulations proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) were considered applicable also for the CRA of complex environmental mixtures and could potentially aid the identification of relevant mixtures, risk drivers and susceptible species as input to the assessment and approval of PPPs.