Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2025
Authors
Nicole Anderson Hannah Rivedal Seth DormanAbstract
Epidemiology and management of aphid-transmitted yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) have received international attention in small grains, but research regarding YDVs in grass seed production is limited. An integrated pest management program is needed to reduce the impact of YDVs in grass seed crops that are grown for more than one year. The objectives of this work were to: 1) survey commercial grass seed production fields to determine spatiotemporal virus composition, 2) evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertiliser rate, and the timing and frequency of foliar insecticide applications on aphid abundance, YDV disease incidence, and seed yield in two perennial ryegrass cultivars, and 3) develop high-throughput phenotyping methods to screen cultivars for host plant resistance. To determine the incidence and diversity of YDVs, perennial ryegrass (n=20) and tall fescue (n=30) seed fields in Oregon were surveyed in 2021-2022. In 82% of fields, a Luteovirus-type YDV was detected, and 65% had detection of a Polerovirus-type YDV. In small-plot field trials conducted from 2021 to 2024, high N rates increased YDV incidence in perennial ryegrass. Seed yield was greatest for the less susceptible cultivar when protected with one insecticide treatment per season. A higher-than-recommended N rate did not increase seed yield across treatment combinations in first-year stands but did increase seed yields in second and third-year stands when YDV infection was >50%. Phenotyping methods were evaluated to assess potential host-plant resistance to YDVs using perennial ryegrass cultivars (n=27) with high- throughput automated video tracking for aphid behaviours that may confer resistance, and compared to traditional phenotyping methods. Several cultivars showed potential tolerance to YDVs. This research provides new knowledge of the spatial composition of aphid-transmitted YDVs, integrated pest management guidelines, and high-throughput methods for breeding programs to develop cultivars that are resistant to YDVs.
Authors
Willy Blaise Ineza Emelyne Clarisse Izere Roland Sonnenschein Collins B. Kukunda Fred Tumwebaze Richard Shumbusho Khamarrul Azahari RazakAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Michelle DaCosta Jefferson Lu J. Scott Ebdon Eric Watkins Dominic Petrella Michael Bekken Trond Pettersen Trygve S. AamlidAbstract
Abstract Winter damage of golf turf in northern environments is a persistent challenge, and reseeding is often necessary to promote recovery and to maintain adequate density and uniformity for play. However, adverse conditions associated with spring seedings can negatively impact reestablishment of creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.) (CBG) on golf greens, tees, and fairways. The objectives of the research were to examine different strategies to promote rapid reestablishment of CBG in early spring, including cultivar selection, use of a synthetic cover, and application of plant health products. To assess the impacts of CBG cultivars and cover on reestablishment, 12 cultivars and two cover treatments (without or with a permeable synthetic cover) were established at two locations in 2021 (South Deerfield, A, and Saint Paul, MN). The effects of plant health products on CBG establishment were assessed in separate field trials at two locations in 2021 and 2022 (South Deerfield, MA, and Grimstad, Norway). Plant health product treatments were applied on a weekly basis following emergence and included: control (water), chitosan, silica, acibenzolar S‐methyl, glycine betaine, seaweed extracts (alone or together with humic substances), trinexapac‐ethyl, and gibberellic acid. Soil and air temperatures were monitored, and plots were visually assessed for changes in percent green turfgrass cover. The use of a permeable cover increased soil temperatures and decreased the time to achieve 50% turfgrass cover by 7–12 days, depending on location and regardless of cultivar. Compared to effect of covering treatment, most CBG did not significantly vary in spring establishment rates, except for Independence, which exhibited slower establishment. Among the various plant health products tested over 2 years and two locations, we did not identify any specific product that consistently enhanced early spring establishment of CBG.
Abstract
Abstract Red fescue (RF, Festuca rubra L.) is one of the most widely used turfgrass species in Europe. The subspecies Chewings fescue (CF) and slender creeping red fescue (SlCRF) are used on putting greens because they tolerate a mowing height of 4–5 mm. Previous research has shown CF to be more winter‐hardy than SlCRF, however, SlCRF has a greener winter color. Our objective was to find the optimal weight ratio of the two subspecies in seed blends for greens in contrasting climatic regions of the Nordic countries. Musica and Cezanne (reference varieties in SCANGREEN variety testing since 2012) were selected as representatives for CF and SlCRF, respectively. Seed blends including CF/SlCRF in weight ratios of 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 were compared to pure CF and SlCRF at Sydsjælland GC, Denmark, NIBIO Landvik, Norway, NIBIO Apelsvoll, Norway, and Reykjavik GC, Iceland as an add‐on to SCANGREEN variety testing 2015–2018. Results showed the optimal blends to produce higher turfgrass quality and tiller density than monocultures of either subspecies at all sites except Apelsvoll where plots were killed during the first winter. The best‐performing CF/SlCRF blend was 50/50 at Sydsjælland and Landvik and 75/25 at Reykjavik. While this shows seed blends to have advantages compared with the pure subspecies, the study should be repeated with a focus on dollar spot ( Clarireedia spp.), which has become a major turfgrass disease in Southern Scandinavia since these trials were conducted.
Authors
Jing Zhou Nicole Anderson Marshall Garrett Logan Snell Thomas ChastainAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Lene SigsgaardAbstract
Key note presentation at the Swedish National Plant Protection Conference 12-13 November 2025
Authors
Mette ThomsenAbstract
Angelica a hardy biennial herb, native to Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Greenland, the Faeroes, Finland, Russia, and eastern parts of continental Europe. Two subspecies are found in the Nordic wild flora A. archangelica ssp. archangelica (mountain subspecies) and A. archangelica ssp. litoralis (lowland subspecies). It is the mountain form that traditionally has been used both wild picked as well as cultivated. All parts of the angelica plant can be used and contain essential oil that gives it a strongly aromatic fragrance and a powerful flavor, and the plant also contains larger or smaller amounts of sugar. Angelica was a commodity in Norway even before the year 1000 and is the only vegetable, of Nordic origin. It has been used both as a vegetable, a spice and a medicinal plant. Interest as well as need for locally and regionally produced products is constantly increasing, Angelica, with its multifunctionality into more uses, could be an important plant for self-sufficiency and business creation in the arctic. In a cultivation trial in Norway looking into the fertilizer effect on yield and oil content in Angelica we found that 120 kg N/Ha gave a significantly higher yield of leaves, in one year old plants, than 40 or 0 kg N, 14-ton fresh weight/Ha compared to 11 ton and 5,6 ton respectively, 80 kg N/Ha gave 13t /Ha. The same was found in three-year-old plants. For root yield we did not see any significant effect of fertilizer treatment. The yield in essential oils was unaffected by fertilizer treatments but varied between plant parts, seeds 1,1%, roots 0,5% and leaves 0,2% oil. The dominating oils in the seeds were beta-phellandrene (69%) and alpha-pinene (13%), in roots and leaves alpha-pinene (43%, 20% resp.) and Sabinene (9%, 34% resp.) were the major compounds. In these trials only one variety of Angelica has been tested. More varieties should be studied and cultivation trials in more areas performed. Also considering that, several aromatic plants produce higher level of essential oils and chemical compounds when growing under long daylight hours. Angelica has a high potential for increased use and value creation through cultivation and processing in the Arctic region.
Authors
Mette Thomsen Liina Edesi Cecilie Thonar Marta Aranguren Margot Dulais Cagri Akyol Jingsi Zhang Astrid Solvåg NesseAbstract
Presentaion at SEA2LAND -NOVAFERT Final Conference 5 June 2025
Abstract
Carrageenophytes such as Eucheuma and Kappaphycus play a vital role in supporting coastal economies and supplying the global hydrocolloid industry, with Indonesia producing over 75% of the world’s supply. However, the unregulated use of chemical liquid fertilisers (CLF) in seaweed farming poses serious ecological and socio-economic threats. In Sikka Regency, Indonesia, CLF use contributed to a decade-long collapse in cultivation, worsened by destructive fishing practices. Although efforts to revive farming began in 2018, current monitoring data are limited and fragmented. Nutrient over-enrichment from fertilisers has been linked to harmful algal blooms, epiphyte overgrowth, and diseases like ice-ice. While countries like the Philippines have introduced standards such as the GAqP for seaweeds, Indonesia still lacks formal regulation on fertiliser use. Misleading scientific claims and social media endorsements further promote detrimental practices. This article highlights the urgent need for public awareness, science-based guidelines, and coordinated policy to safeguard sustainable seaweed aquaculture. Extension services, farmer cooperatives, and social media can raise awareness, but added resources are required for guidelines, stronger policies, and market incentives discouraging CLF use.
Authors
Nicole AndersonAbstract
No abstract has been registered