Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2025
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Abstract
Chocolate spot (CS), caused by Botrytis fabae, is one of the most destructive fungaldiseases affecting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) globally. This study evaluated 33 fababean cultivars across two locations and over 2 years to assess genetic resistance andthe effect of fungicide application on CS progression. The utility of unmanned aerialvehicle–mounted multispectral camera for disease monitoring was examined. Signif-icant variability was observed in cultivar susceptibility, with Bolivia exhibiting thehighest level of resistance and Louhi, Sampo, Vire, Merlin, Mistral, and GL Sunriseproving highly susceptible. Fungicide application significantly reduced CS severityand improved yield. Analysis of canopy spectral signatures revealed the near-infraredand red edge bands, along with enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and soil adjustedvegetation index, as most sensitive to CS infection, and they had a strong negativecorrelation with CS severity ranging from −0.51 to −0.71. In addition, EVI enabledearly disease detection in the field. Support vector machine accurately classified CSseverity into four classes (resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, andsusceptible) based on spectral data with higher accuracy after the onset of diseasecompared to later in the season (accuracy 0.75–0.90). This research underscores thevalue of integrating resistant germplasm, sound agronomic practices, and spectralmonitoring for effectively identification and managing CS disease in faba bean
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Authors
Irena FundovaAbstract
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Authors
Tore SkrøppaAbstract
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Abstract
Food waste collection in Norway is mostly done using plastic bags, made either of polyethylene or, more recently, of biodegradable plastics, which are materials that can be degraded by microorganisms under certain environmental conditions and time frames. Most of the biodegradable plastic bags used in Norway for food waste collection are labelled as compostable, i.e. degradable under composting conditions, but end up in biogas plants and only rarely in composting plants. The present work provides answers to the following questions. First, to what extent are biodegradable plastic bags deteriorated during anaerobic digestion of food waste. Secondly, is the situation different under mesophilic (37°C) and thermophilic (55°C) conditions. Finally, does thermal hydrolysis (THP) pretreatment of food waste containing biodegradable plastic change the results. In tests offering optimal conditions for microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion, limited deterioration of biodegradable plastics (Mater-Bi® certified as compostable under industrial (ICP) and home (HCP) composting conditions, representative of what is used in Norway for food waste collection for biogas production) was observed, as shown by limited mass loss (14-21 % for ICP and 22-33 % for HCP) and limited changes in the chemical composition after 22 d, a relevant hydraulic retention time for industrial biogas plant operations. Higher mass loss was observed under thermophilic conditions compared to mesophilic conditions. The effect of THP pretreatment of food waste containing biodegradable plastics offered unexpected results: while a small, non-significant increase in mass loss was observed for ICP, THP led to a significantly reduced mass loss for HCP during anaerobic digestion. The biogas process itself was not significantly affected by ICP and HCP present in food waste at a 4 % plastic to food waste ratio. The present research shows that the majority (79-86 % of ICP and 67-78 % of HCP) of biodegradable plastic residues left after initial pretreatment of food waste, will withstand anaerobic conditions, both under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, also when subjected to THP pretreatment (5 bars, 160°C, 20 min). This strongly suggests that post-treatment of digestate is required to avoid the spread of biodegradable plastics to agricultural soils, for digestates intended for agricultural use.
Authors
Chala Adugna Kufa Afework Bekele Anagaw Atickem Desalegn Chala Diress Tsegaye Torbjørn Ergon Nils Christian Stenseth Dietmar ZinnerAbstract
No abstract has been registered