Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Tor Lunnan Mats HøglindSammendrag
Det har tradisjonelt vore sterkast fokus på kvaliteten i førsteslåtten. For dei som ønskjer grovfôr med høg potensiell næringsverdi, har oppskrifta vore å hauste denne tidleg. Ein skal samtidig planlegge utfrå at tidleg førsteslått gjer at ein stor andel av årsavlinga må takast i seinare slåttar. Det er ikkje gitt at alt grovfôret ein haustar i sesongen må halde høg eller like høg kvalitet, men nokre husdyrprodusentar kan ha dette som mål. Det vil da vere viktig å gjere ei totaltilpassing når det gjeld tal haustingar og haustetider. Vi presenterer her resultat som viser at det er viktig å hauste også andre- og tredjeslåttar tidleg dersom ein vil ha høg kvalitet i heile årsavlinga.
Forfattere
Jarl-Gunnar Salin Peder GjerdrumSammendrag
Wooden poles are frequently used for power and telecommunication lines. After creosote preservation the durability is secured for many decades. This study is related to a Norwegian plant where such poles are produced using Scots pine. Prior to the preservation process the poles have to be dried to a moisture content below the fibre saturation point everywhere in the pole. This is done outdoors in open stacks of poles, i.e. as air-drying. A problem is caused by the difficulties to determine when the target moisture content has been reached. The inventory of drying poles represents considerable value in a company\"s balance sheet and risk of downgrading. Knowledge of drying times during the annual seasons has been insufficient, and no efficient method is known for accurately observing the MC through the various parts of the poles.....
Sammendrag
SUMMARY: Tracers should be used to monitor emissions of leachate from landfills, in order to evaluate environmental pollution. We investigated a selection of parameters commonly found in leachate, in addition to isotopic and radioactive tracers, and their efficiency in tracing leachate in the environment, with emphasis on groundwater. A study at 6 landfills focused on the occurrence of the isotopes 13C and 3H in leachate, surface and groundwater, in relation to the water balance at the sites. The content of heavy carbon (δ13C) in leachate varied between 5.5 to 25.5, in groundwater it reached 4.7 when polluted, and varied between -11.8 to -24.2 when unpolluted, and in surface water from -13.1 to -19.7. Measurements of tritium did not show any systematic trend in the leachate and groundwater samples. Also the elements Fe, B and Cr, and to a minor degree Mn and Zn, showed higher contrasts in leachate/groundwater concentrations. A comparison of the concentrations of tracer compounds with detailed estimation of the water balance at 3 landfills showed that 13C seems to be the most reliable tracer and the factor correlating best with estimates of diffuse losses of leachate to groundwater.
Sammendrag
Food quality labels linked to landscape, climate and geographical origin are favorable tools for rural development. Our project will link the benefits of farm animals grazing on mountain pasture to quality of local artisan food products. Then the French word "terroir" meaning the sense of place and defined as the impact of the soil, the climatic condition and the vegetation on the products could be used in marketing. Today"s consumers are looking for more than nutrition from their food; it should contribute to their health, they are looking for enjoyment, and they require a high ethical standard in the food production. Unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants like carotenoids and polyphenols are considered important nutraceuticals according to many health benefits.These compounds are also used in traceability of animal feeding diet in the meat and milk products. Plant biomarkers are compounds that are not synthesized by animals, but occur in the food products due to the animals diet. Carotenoids and polyphenols are examples of such direct plant biomarkers, while fatty acids are metabolic markers deriving from animal metabolism and are called indirect markers. The objectives of the project are to document "terroir-effects" and high food quality that may give added values to the products and a better price in the market.The study is carried out in two representative summer-farming areas in Central Norway. Two summer-farms in Budalen (Forollhogna and Teijavollen) and one in Østerdalen (Gjermundshaug) participated in the study. Subalpine/alpine pastures are the main fodder source in the summer farming period, but all farmers use supplementary feeding consisting of concentrates in different quantities (3 kg - 7.5 kg per day). The analyzed local food was sour creams produced at the summer farms by the farmers. The reference product was an industrially produced (TINE) sour cream, based on different types of pastures, mostly high productive species, less species rich lowland pastures or silage and supplementary feeding by concentrates. In the last week before milk samples (for production of the test products) were taken in middle of August, herbs and grass samples from pastures belonging to the different summer farms were collected. The plants were frozen (dry ice) and transported together with samples of sour cream from each summer farm to the laboratory. Sour creams were analysed for composition and content of a range of fatty acids, carotenoids and content of total polyphenols. In addition a sensory preferencetest of the three summer-farm sour creams together with that from TINE was performed.Results showed that sour cream from mountain pastures in Teijavollen and Forollhogna has the same amount of a-linolenic acid (C18:3) in the pasture, 56.7 and 56.0 %, respectively. The sour cream from Forollhogna has significantly more of the healthy polyunsaturated fatty acid (C18:3) even if tless water content is taken into account. Probably these results could be explained by differences in metabolism in the two herds (low yielding Norwegian dairy breed versus the modern, moderate yielding dairy breed Norwegian Red (NRF), but also by differences in use of supplementary feeding of concentrates. Only small amounts of CLA are generally found in the pasture while sour cream from Forollhogna has nearly the double amount as the industrial produced sour cream from Tine. The amounts of polyphenols and carotenoids in sour cream and pastures from the mountains were also compared. The more polyphenols and carotenoids in the grazing areas the more were found in the sour creams. Two mountain sour creams and Tine factory sour cream were analysed in a sensory ranking test. No significant differences (P
Forfattere
May-Guri Saethre Arnstein Staverløkk Trond HofsvangSammendrag
The history of Harmonia axyridis and a summary of surveillance & research in Norway till June 2009 are given. H. axyridis was assessed as a potential bio-control agent for use in Norwegian greenhouses in 2001. The risk of establishment outdoors was assessed too high and no permission was given. The first record in Norway was in 2006 when one adult was found on Thuja sp. imported from the Netherlands. In late 2007 and throughout 2008 adults were found indoors/outdoors at several locations in the Oslo-area. Establishment outdoors became evident. Observations in Aust-Agder and Vestfold revealed further spread/introduction to new areas. The bioclimatic potential of H. axyridis was assessed in 2007 by the aid of CLIMEX and national agrometeorological data, showed that suboptimal microclimates for the species can be found in the coastal areas of the south. In late 2008 a web-site was launched aiming to engage the public to submit observations on-line and has contributed to monitor development of the species across the country. Competition experiments with H. axyridis and Coccinella septempunctata in 2008/2009 showed that only H. axyridis eggs & larvae survived when the two species were mixed.
Forfattere
Romanee Thongdara Marit Almvik Ole Martin Eklo Nina Svae Johansen Einar Nordhus Hans J. Overgaard Tubtim Limsoontorn Chomchid Imvitthaya Lal Samarakoon S.L. RanamukhaarachchiSammendrag
The Project "Demonstrating and Scaling-up Sustainable Alternatives to DDT and other Toxic Chemicals and Strengthening National Integrated Pest and Vector Management (IPVM) Capabilities in Asia" is a collaboration between the Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk) and Ministries of Health, Agriculture, and Environment in Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam in close liaison with the World Health Organisation (WHO); the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); and the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO). The Project is funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs through Bioforsk and covers an 30-month period (April 2007-September 2009). Bioforsk coordinates activities on IPVM Needs Assessments in the three project countries. The aim of the project is to lay the foundation for establishing and demonstrating an integrated, intersectoral approach for controlling agricultural pests and disease vectors (i.e. IPVM). The project outcome is to complete a funding application in interaction with national partners, WHO, UNEP, and FAO. The application will be submitted to the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and other donors to support a 5-year initiative to demonstrate and scale up sustainable alternatives to DDT, including IPVM, and to strengthen national vector control capabilities in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Target groups are farmers, women, children and consumers; national and local governments; local environmental groups, NGO"s, village associations, traders, scientists and students.The main concept of the project is that agricultural pests and vector-borne diseases often occur around the same areas. In such areas, intensive agricultural pesticide use may negatively affect vector control programs by increasing the potential for vector resistance development and reducing populations of beneficial natural enemies. This may lead to more frequent use of insecticides for vector control, and to greater use or even re-introduction of persistent, cheap POPs insecticides such as DDT. Furthermore, the project aims to develop and test integrated intersectoral approaches to control both agricultural pests and disease vectors. This report is a result of activities conducted within the framework of the project.
Forfattere
Per K. BjørklundSammendrag
Vegetasjonskartet gir et bilde av den mosaikken av vegetasjonstyper som det naturlige plantedekket består av. En vegetasjonstype er en karakteristisk samling plantearter som går igjen på lokaliteter med like vokseforhold. En oversikt over utbredelsen av vegetasjonstyper gir oss informasjon om variasjonen i økologiske forhold (klima, næring og vann i jorda, snødekke og kulturpåvirkning) i et område. I tillegg kan hver vegetasjonstype tillegges egenskaper med hensyn til ulik ressursutnytting og arealbruk (beite, artsmangfold m.m.). Norsk institutt for skog og landskap har kartlagt to områder i Nesseby og Vadsø kommuner i Finnmark, nevnt som Meskelv vest (17,8 km²) og Bergeby - Jakobselv (98,5 km²). Målsettinga med dette oppdraget var å utføre ei vurdering av beiteressurser for sau i begge områda. Kartlegginga er gjort etter Skog og landskap sin instruks for kartlegging i målestokk 1: 20 000 - 50 000. Det er framstilt vegetasjonskart og avleda temakart for sauebeite. Kartleggingsområdet har et nordlig fjord-/kystklima med relativt låge temperaturmidler. Fra november til april er middeltemperaturen under 0 °C. Juli og august har månedsmiddel over 10 °C. Nedbøren er liten gjennom hele året. Mest nedbør kommer i de tre sommermånedene. Berggrunnen i kartleggingsområda består av sedimentære bergarter. Dette er hovedsakelig sandsteiner med mindre soner av skifrer, konglomerat og tillitt. Områda har et jevnt lausmassedekke. Karakteristisk og dominerende for området er tjukke moreneavsetninger, men med tynnere lag over fjellpartia. Breelvavsetninger ligger langs de største elvene. Myr og torvmark utgjør også areal av betydelig størrelse.
Forfattere
Lise AanensenSammendrag
Presentasjon av Bioforsk prosjektet; Beitekapasitet, dyrevelferd og kjøttproduksjon på inngjerdet sauebeite. 3 årig, tredelt prosjekt. Kartlegging av beitekapasitet, beitetaksering, vegetasjonskartlegging, registrering av velferd og helse parametre samt produksjonsresultater i 10 permanente gjerdeanlegg i Nord Trøndelag. Styrt beitedrift er ressurskrevende både arbeidsmessig og økonomisk. Foreløpige resultater viser at bruk av inngjerda sauebeiter kan gi god dyrevelferd og redusert dødlighet i forhold til bruk av utmarksbeite i rovdyrutsatte områder.Om utforming og krav til rovdyrsikre gjerder og beredskapsareal, og Direktoratet for naturforvaltning sine satndarder.Presentasjon av Norsk viltskadesenter.
Forfattere
Inger Martinussen Jens Rohloff Eivind Uleberg Olavi Junttila Anja Hohtola Laura Jaakola Hely HäggmanSammendrag
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), also called European blueberry, is one of the most significant wild berries in the Nordic countries. The berries are recognized for their bioactive properties and distinctive aroma and flavour. The effects of climate on production and the quality of bilberries have been studied in a controlled experiment in a phytotrone using clonal material. In the experiment individual plants from two Northern clones and two Southern clones of bilberry have been grown at 12° and 18°C. At each temperature 2 different light treatments have been tested; 1) 24 hour (h) natural light (long day) and 2) 12 h natural light (short day). All plants were kept outside during flowering to ensure pollination by insects. Berries were sampled when ripe, weighed and stored at -80°C for later analysis
Forfattere
Ellen Johanne SvalheimSammendrag
Sommeren 2009 ble det gjennomført en re-registrering av biomangfoldverdiene i kulturlandskapet ved Åsterød, Hørta, Båserød og Plassen i Skien kommune. Kulturlandskapet i dette området inneholder både gamle seterområder, skogsbeiter og mindre landbrukseiendommer. Området ble i 2009 valgt ut som et typeområde i forbindelse med oppstart av Arvesølvprosjektet i Telemark fylke. Denne rapporten fra re-registreringen er ment å danne bakgrunn for skjøtselsplanen for området som er under utarbeidelse. Arvesølvprosjektet setter fokus på aktiv og målbevisst skjøtsel som tar vare på det kulturavhengige biomangfoldet i de mest verdifulle områdene som er kartlagt i kulturlandskapet. Prosjektet pågår pr 2009 i 5 av landets fylker.