Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Forfattere
Frode Ødegaard Hans Blom Tor Erik Brandrud John Bjarne Jordal Jan Erik Nilsen Jogeir N. Stokland Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson Per Arild AarrestadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Bertil Lidén Gert Andersson Patrik Flisberg Mikael RönnqvistSammendrag
RuttOpt är ett beslutsstöd för operativ transportplanering som utvecklats av Skogforsk. Systemet hjälper en transportledare att styra de enskilda virkesfordonen, så att den samlade transportkostnaden minimeras. Transporterna svarar idag för ca 25 procent av skogsbrukets kostnader fram till industriport. Transportkostnaderna riskerar att öka i takt med stigande bränslepriser. Ett sätt att minska kostnaderna är att styra varje fordons körningar så att den samlade körsträckan minimeras för ett givet transportarbete. För att klara detta krävs kunskap om - industriernas aktuella virkesbehov - lagersituationen vid alla avlägg - vägsituationen - vilka fordon som är tillgängliga. Det är i praktiken omöjligt för en transportledare att hålla all denna information i huvudet. Därför krävs ett beslutsstöd som t.ex. RuttOpt. Visionen är att transportledaren ska använda RuttOpt som ett hjälpmedel i det dagliga arbetet. Men det handlar inte om att detaljstyra varje fordon, datorns förslag måste alltid tolkas med omdöme utifrån transportledarens erfarenheter. Förstudier indikerar att man med RuttOpt kan sänka transportkostnaderna med 5?10 procent jämfört med dagens manuella transportledning.
Sammendrag
Prosjekt ved NIKU, NIJOS og Hedmark fylkeskommune, delfinansiert av Riksantikvaren
Sammendrag
Pulpwood has been imported to Norway since the beginning of the 20th century. However, exotic plant species hitchhiking with pulpwood were not observed before c.1985. Prior to this the imported timber was debarked, and the chances that diaspores would have attached to a debarked log (compared to a log with bark) are very small.A greenhouse germination experiment based on 385 dm2 of sifted bark from the holds of nine Estonian pulpwood ships yielded 3187 seeds of 201 species of vascular plants, few of which were typical of coniferous forests. Approximately 39% of the hitchhiking seeds did not germinate until after a period of cold treatment.Most of the species germinated in low densities, and those occurring in greater numbers are common and widespread in Norway. Six species were new to Norway: Agrostis clavata, Androsace filiformis, Bidens radiata, Carex montana, Melica picta, and Ranunculus cassubicus.During the last 20 years, pulpwood has been imported to Norway from many countries around the world, e.g. Russia, Scotland, Canada, and Zaire. While the present data do not indicate any immediate threat from aggressively invasive exotics, in order to avoid the introduction of non-native species and reduce the potential for biological invasion, timber should ideally be debarked prior to importation.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jenny Karlsson Mikael Rönnqvist Mikael FriskSammendrag
Road blocking due to thawing or heavy rains annually contributes to a considerable loss of profit in Swedish forestry. Companies have to build large stocks of sawlogs and pulplogs to secure a continuous supply during periods where the accessibility of the road network is uncertain. This storage leads to quality deterioration, which means loss in profit. One approach to reduce the losses due to blocked roads is to upgrade the road network to a standard that guarantees accessibility throughout the year. This article describes a decision support system called RoadOpt for the planning of forest road upgrading. The planning horizon is about one decade. The system uses a Geographical Information System (GIS)-based map user interface to present and analyse data and results. Two important modules are the Swedish road database, which provides detailed information about the road network, and an optimization module consisting of a mixed integer linear programming model. A case study from a major Swedish company is presented.
Forfattere
Jens Kværner Grete Swensen Lars ErikstadSammendrag
In the traditional EIA procedure environmental vulnerability is only considered to a minor extent in the early stages when project alternatives are worked out. In Norway, an alternative approach to EIA, an integrated vulnerability model (IVM), emphasising environmental vulnerability and alternatives development in the early stages of EIA, has been tried out in a few pilot cases. This paper examines the content and use of the vulnerability concept in the IVM approach, and discusses the concept in an EIA context. The vulnerability concept is best suited to overview analyses and large scale spatial considerations. The concept is particularly useful in the early stages of EIA when alternatives are designed and screened. By introducing analyses of environmental vulnerability at the start of the EIA process, the environment can be a more decisive issue for the creation of project alternatives as well as improving the basis for scoping. Vulnerability and value aspects should be considered as separate dimensions. There is a need to operate with a specification between general and specific vulnerability. The concept of environmental vulnerability has proven useful in a wide range of disciplines. Different disciplines have different lengths of experience regarding vulnerability. In disciplines such as landscape planning and hydrogeology we find elements suitable as cornerstones in the further development of an interdisciplinary methodology. Further development of vulnerability criteria in different disciplines and increased public involvement in the early stages of EIA are recommended.
Forfattere
Liv Sognnes Gustav Fystro Samson Øpstad Arve Arstein Trond BørresenSammendrag
In terms of agricultural use, peat soils have weak structure, high water content, insufficient soil aeration and poor thermal properties resulting in suboptimal physical properties and yields of grass. During the period 1978 - 1995, a long-term field trial was conducted on highly decomposed peat soil in order to investigate the impact of adding mineral materials to improve soil characteristics and increase grass yield. Shell sand or moraine soil (200, 400 or 800 m(3) ha(-1)) was incorporated into peat soil. Generally, addition of both shell sand and moraine soil improved the physical properties of the soil and grass production. During the first nine years, shell sand ( 400 m 3 ha(-1)) was the most efficient. Thereafter, moraine soil ( 400 and 800 m(3) ha(-1)) seemed most beneficial. This study indicates that additions of shell sand or moraine soil to peat are appropriate methods to improve and conserve the physical properties and cropping potential of these vulnerable soils.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Straumfors Karl-Christian Nordby Wijnand Eduard Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Inhalation of immunomodulating mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. that are commonly found in grain dust may imply health risks for grain farmers. Airborne Fusarium and mycotoxin exposure levels are mainly unknown due to difficulties in identifying Fusarium and mycotoxins in personal aerosol samples. We used a novel real-time PCR method to quantify the fungal trichodiene synthase gene (tri5) and DNA specific to F. langsethiae and F. avenaceum in airborne and settled grain dust, determined the personal inhalant exposure level to toxigenic Fusarium during various activities, and evaluated whether quantitative measurements of Fusarium-DNA could predict trichothecene levels in grain dust. Airborne Fusarium-DNA was detected in personal samples even from short tasks (10-60 min). The median Fusarium-DNA level was significantly higher in settled than in airborne grain dust (p < 0.001), and only the F. langsethiae-DNA levels correlated significantly in settled and airborne dust (r(s) = 0.20, p = 0.003). Both F. langsethiae-DNA and tri5-DNA were associated with HT-2 and T-2 toxins (r(s) = 0.24-0.71, p < 0.05 to p < 00.01) in settled dust, and could thus be suitable as indicators for HT-2 and T-2. The median personal inhalant exposure to specific toxigenic Fusarium spp. was less than 1 genome m(-3), but the exposure ranged from 0-10(5) genomes m(-3). This study is the first to apply real-time PCR on personal samples of inhalable grain dust for the quanti. cation of tri5 and species- specific Fusarium-DNA, which may have potential for risk assessments of inhaled trichothecenes.