Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Paal KrokeneSammendrag
I British Columbia, Canada er de midt oppe i tidenes største barkbilleutbrudd. Til nå er om lag 135.000 km2 furuskog angrepet, og volumet drepte trær utgjør flere hundre millioner kubikkmeter. Hvis angrepet fortsetter å vokse med samme fart som det har utviklet seg de siste årene vil halvparten av det hogstmodne arealet av kontortafuru i British Columbia være drept innen utgangen av 2008, og innen utgangen av 2013 vil 80 prosent være borte. Billene har i løpet av de siste årene også spredt seg nordover og østover i Canada, og truer nå store furuområder som aldri tidligere har vært utsatt for angrep. Kombinasjonen av et gunstigere klima og en kraftig økning i mattilgangen har skapt nærmest ideelle forhold for barkbillene i Canada, og er årsaken til at det pågående utbruddet er mer omfattende enn noen tidligere utbrudd. Utbruddets enorme geografiske omfang og den høye tredødeligheten gjør at angrepet endrer hele økosystemer, og de økologiske og økonomiske ettervirkningene av angrepet vil være merkbare i flere tiår fremover.
Forfattere
Torstein KvammeSammendrag
Tolvtannet barkbille er den største arten av i alt ca. 45 arter i slekten på verdensbasis. Den kan bli opptil 8,5 mm lang med 6 tenner bak på hver dekkvinge. Til sammenligning blir granbarkbillen maksimalt 5,5 mm med bare 4 tenner på hver dekkvinge.
Forfattere
Torstein KvammeSammendrag
Svarthjorten kan regnes til de artene som kalles urskogsarter. De krever ikke urskog i strengeste forstand, men at skogen har noen av de samme egenskapene. Gamle grove graner som kan ligge og brytes ned over lang tid er en viktig faktor for denne sjeldne billen.
Sammendrag
Rural communities in Norway have been under great economic stress in recent years. There has been an increasing debate about how to utilize the large potential in a growing tourism industry to promote rural employment and income. This study is based on the institutional view of innovation with a focus on institutions that are important for stimulating innovations. The objectives are: 1) to determine if networking is positively related to innovativeness and if innovativeness is positively related to performance in the nature-based tourism industry in Norway and 2) to develop an in-depth understanding of how different actors trigger a member of the industry to change, create, or otherwise innovate. An email survey was conducted of companies across the country followed by a qualitative study in one Norwegian municipality. Results indicate that there is a positive connection between networking and innovativeness, and between innovativeness and performance. A qualitative case example illustrates the interaction among actors and the resulting impacts on the innovation process.
Forfattere
Peder Gjerdrum Mauro BernabeiSammendrag
The grain direction along an arbitrary radius is known to change at a constant rate during the life-span of a tree. A wide variety of professions involve in analysing and understanding GA, included searching new technology for automated detection and significance for wood application. The objective of the study presented in this paper has been to identify a joint, three-dimensional model for grain angle in stems of Norway spruce. Five possibly large spruce trees, DBH at least 40 cm and height ca. 30 m, were sampled near Ås, Norway. 10 cm thick transverse discs were extracted at intervals of ca 5 m along the stem, split through the pith along the north-south diameter with a blunt knife, and grain angle and cambial age observed at regular intervals of 15 mm along the north radius. Pith observation was set to zero; left-handed (clock-wise) angles were denoted as positive, and vice versa. A The grain direction along an arbitrary radius is known to change at a constant rate during the life-span of a tree. A wide variety of professions involve in analysing and understanding GA, included searching new technology for automated detection and significance for wood application...
Forfattere
Peder GjerdrumSammendrag
Pine (Pinus sylvestris) heartwood and pine sapwood can, in several respects, be considered two different timber products. Sapwood demonstrates open structures that easily adsorb moisture and is vulnerable to bio-chemical disintegration, but also more easily painted, glued or impregnated. Heartwood, on the other hand, is less disposed to moisture fluctuations, hence, more dimensionally stable, and durable. Heartwood content is closely related to cambial age and to the progress of annual ring width. It is also the nature of pine is to grow timber of quite varying quality along the stem. Resins are more abundant near the base, and the knottiness is shifting, following certain patterns from the base upwards. Several of those traits can be identified prior to breakdown, applying specific wood technology knowledge, recent research and standard log scanner equipment. Even with this potential for producing more homogeneous board quality by including heartwood in the breakdown decision basis, one should not forget the practical implications for the sawmill. The cost of keeping separate heartwood quality classes and the risk of mistakes might easily exceed the price gain.
Forfattere
Anne-Cathrine Scheen Charlotte Lindqvist Carl Gunnar Fossdal Victor A. AlbertSammendrag
The five mint genera Brazoria, Macbridea, Physostegia, Synandra and Warnockia (Lamioideae: Lamiaceae) are all North American endemics. Together with the monotypic European genus Melittis and the Asian genus Chelonopsis, these taxa have been classified as subtribe Melittidinae. Previous morphological studies have failed to uncover synapomorphic characters for this group.We sequenced the plastid trnL-trnF region and trnS-trnG spacer and the nuclear ribosomal 5S non-transcribed spacer (5S-NTS) to assess phylogenetic relationships within Melittidinae. Standard parsimony and direct optimization (POY) analyses show Melittis, the type genus of the subtribe, as sister to Stachys. Thus, the monophyly of subtribe Melittidinae is not supported either by molecular or morphological data...
Sammendrag
Opp gjennom historien har store deler av Norge blitt påvirket av jordbruk. Denne artikkelen presenterer miljøforhold og påvirknings-faktorer for rødlistearter på de arealtyper hvor man fortsatt finner tydeligst spor av denne aktiviteten. Dette gjelder områder med intensiv landbruksproduksjon, samt beite- og slåttemark, og kystlynghei. For disse arealene er det særlig på kulturmark skapt av de gamle driftsformene at vi finner det rikeste biologiske mangfoldet.
Sammendrag
Artikkelen beskriver resultatene av et flerårig forsøk med skjøtselsbeiting av kasjmirgeit i seterlandskapet på Golsfjellet, Buskerud fylke. Metodene var småruteanalyser og vegetasjonskartlegging. Skjøtselsregimer og effekter på vegetasjonen utgjør hoveddelen.
Forfattere
Rosario Mosello Tiziana Amoriello Sue Benham Nicholas Clarke John Derome Kirsti Derome Gerrit Genouw Arianna Orrù Gabriele A. Tartari Anne Thimonier Erwin Ulrich Antti-Jussi Lindroos Nils KönigSammendrag
A Working Group on Quality Assurance/Quality Control of analyses in laboratories active in the chemical analysis of atmospheric deposition and soil water has been created within the framework of the Integrated Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (UN-ECE/ICP Forests) and the EU/Forest Focus Programme (Regulation 2152/2003). This paper is a follow up to an earlier paper dealing with the validation of chemical analyses, in which validation techniques (ion balance, comparison between measured and calculated conductivity, Na/Cl ratio and relationship between different forms of N) were tested on a set of real analysis data obtained from different laboratories. This paper focuses on the validation of chemical analysis of samples containing high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations ( 5 mg C L-1), where the ion balance criterion fails because of the presence of weak organic acids. About 6000 chemical analyses of bulk open field, throughfall and stemflow samples, which contained complete sets of all ion concentrations, conductivity and DOC, produced in 8 different laboratories, were used to calculate empirical relationships between DOC and the difference between the sum of cations and the sum of anions, with the aim to evaluate a formal charge per mg of organic C...