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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2003

Sammendrag

Summary (English) Pharmaceuticals such as ibuprofen, carbamacepin and naproxen and the endocrine disrupters bisphenol A and nonylphenol are found in leachates from Norwegian municipal landfills. Ibuprofen and the musk compounds tonalid and galaxolide were found in all samples, but the concentration in the old, inactive part of the landfill was particularly high. The endocrine distruptors bisphenol A and nonylphenol were also detected in all samples, and the concentrations in two water samples taken downstream the landfill, were in the same range as found in the old part. The PAHs found in the leachates were methyl substituted naphtahalen, biphenyl, acenapthylene, acenapthene, fluorene and phenanthrene. All samples were filtrated (< 0,5 ?m) before analysis. Filtrates from two wells were analyzed to measure transportable organic pollutants. Most of the PAH compounds were detected both in filtrate of water sample from the new, active part of the landfill and filtrate of influent water to the treatment plant which is located 200 m downstream the landfill. This was also the case for the polycyclic musk compounds and bisphenol A. Nonylphenol was detected only in the filtrate from samples in the new landfill.

Sammendrag

Det har vært omfattende angrep i the Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve, Belize, av barkbiller. Denne undersøkelsen viser at angrepene skyldes en ukjendt barbilleart med rask utviklingstid og meget rask spredning. Totalt ble 80% av reservatet angrepet før det ble stoppet. Metoder for overvåking og bekjempelse er beskrevet på engelsk og spansk. During the years from 1998 to 2002, heavy attacks by an unknown bark beetle species occurred in the Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve, Belize. The species is described in this publication, and methods for monitoring and control of this, and related species, is described in English and Spanish.

Sammendrag

FRAM (Forstått, Realistisk, Akseptert, Målbart) er SND's bdriftsutviklingsprogram for små og mellomstore bedrifter, fra 1993. FRAM-A(gro) ble utviklet, og er et ledelses- og strategiutviklingsprogram rettet mot gården som bedrift og bonden som bedriftsleder. Dette er en evaluering av programmet slik det er gjennomført i 8 pilotprosjekter inntill utgangen av 2002.

Sammendrag

Kulturlandskapet er et landskap i rask endring, med gjengroing som en av de største trusselfaktorene. Arbeidet med å ivareta verdifulle områder krever kunnskap og engasjement, og i denne sammenhengen kan skolene utgjøre en viktig ressurs for nærmiljøet sitt. Målsetningen med prosjektet er å ta kulturlandskapet i bruk som læringsarena, og samtidig skape et lokalt engasjement for å bevare kulturlandskapet. I prosjektet gjennomfører elevene registreringer av økologiske forhold, driftsmåter og biologisk mangfold. Elevene driver også skjøtsel som rydding av busker og trær, brenning av lyng og slått for å holde landskapet åpent og for å ta vare på det biologiske mangfoldet. Bakgrunnsmateriell med transparenter og registreringsskjemaer er utarbeidet til bruk i prosjektet.

Sammendrag

Sulphur deposition is high at all IMPACTS sites and exceed maximum levels observed in Europe and North-America. Dry deposition equals or exceeds wet deposition. The IMPACTS data, in particular those from the remote Lei Gong Shan site clearly document long-range transport of air pollutants. Due to the actual and future energy combustion and emission strategy in China, the long-range transport of air pollutants may significantly increase with subsequent increased environmental damage in rural and remote areas in China. In addition to sulphur deposition, depositions of reactive nitrogen (nitric acid and ammonia) and calcium are also important and clearly demonstrate that pH alone is not a good indicator for acid deposition. High concentrations of ground level ozone, above critical levels for vegetation and forest, are observed at the Liu Xi He site in Guangdong province. Soil acidification gives rise to high concentrations of toxic aluminium in soil water at several sites. At the Tie Shan Ping site in Chongqing aluminium occurs at a level where long-term harmful effects on trees might be expected. Defoliation and mortality have been severe, however, fairly stable. Insect attacks are apparently a major cause, but enhanced insect attacks might be an indirect effect of health weakening due to acidification. Defoliation has been considerable also in Liu Chong Guan in Guiyang, while the three other catchments had minor defoliation only. High foliar nitrogen concentrations are seen in Lei Gong Shan in Guizhou and Cai Jia Tang in Hunan, accompanied by low P/N-ratios. Statistical tests of vegetation change, so far only implemented in Liu Chong Guan, revealed minor changes in number and abundances of vascular plants, but a significant decline in number of bryophytes. This decline is probably related to climatic year-to-year variations. Data from other catchments and longer time periods are needed to identify vegetation changes related to soil acidification or direct effects of air pollutants. Modelling results from Tie Shan Ping suggest that the currently planned 20% reduction in sulphur emissions is far from sufficient to avoid further acidification. As more data are generated, dose-response relationships, critical load estimates and model predictions will obviously be improved.