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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2005

Sammendrag

A method was created for quantitative and qualitative analyses of different PBDE´s in various matrixes. A mixture of PBDE congeners was used to make calibration curves, and acetone and cyclohexane was used as solvents for the extraction. Analyses were performed using a GC-MS sector instrument. The method was tested on sediments from the Netherlands. Recovery tests were carried out on soil from Kroer in Ås.

Sammendrag

About eighteen percent of the conventional dairy and cash crop farmers in Norway are considering to, and four percent are planning to convert to organic farming during the next five years. These two farmer groups can be considered as the potential for conversion to organic farming in Norway. In a questionnaire survey, this group rated attitudes on organic and conventional farming more similar to organic farmers than other conventional farmers did. For farmers considering or planning to convert, additional organic farming payments, organic farming laws and regulations and price premiums for organic products were more important sources of risk than for other conventional farmers. Most of these mentioned factors are influenced by agricultural policies, which thus represent an important factor for farmers? decision regarding the conversion to organic farming.

Sammendrag

This position paper gives an overview and state-of -the-art for bioenergy in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The paper served as an introduction to a conference arranged by the Nordic Council of Ministers in September 2005.

Sammendrag

Current situation and bottlenecks for further development of the bioenergy sector in Norway is analyzed. The transcation costs are found to be high in Norway compared with Sweden. Government programs to support local and district heating and program to support rural bioenergy is important to reduce trancaction costs. Development of standards are important to reduce uncertainty. Building standards are in many cases not in favour of bioenergy. Green certificates will be an opportunity, but there is uncertainty about the introduction date in Norway. For liquid fuels there are limited resources available from agriculture, the potential is much larger potential from forest fuels, but then R&D is needed.

Sammendrag

Forest owners get only a nominal pay when delievering forest residues for energy purposes. At the same time there might be negative environmental effects as nutrient loss and production loss. Compensation measures could be ash disposal and fertilization. This has a cost, but due to sustainability restrictions compensation measures might be seen as obligatory. Other negative environmental effects include possible effects on biodiversity and acidification. Positive effects include impact on GHG balance and reduced silvicultural costs. We study this problem from the forest owner?s view and from the society?s view in a cost-benefit context. The results vary with physical inputs as deposition and soil type and with assumptions concerning economic variables as shadow price of carbon.