Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Emil Sandström Tove Ortman Christine A Watson Jan Bengtsson Clara Gustafsson Göran BergkvistSammendrag
One of the major challenges facing agricultural and food systems today is the loss of agrobiodiversity. Considering the current impasse of preventing the worldwide loss of crop diversity, this paper highlights the possibility for a radical reorientation of current legal seed frameworks that could provide more space for alternative seed systems to evolve which centre on norms that support on-farm agrobiodiversity. Understanding the underlying norms that shape seed commons are important, since norms both delimit and contribute to what ultimately will constitute the seeds and who will ultimately have access to the seeds and thus to the extent to which agrobiodiversity is upheld and supported. This paper applies a commoning approach to explore the underpinning norms of a Swedish seed commons initiative and discusses the potential for furthering agrobiodiversity in the context of wider legal and authoritative discourses on seed enclosure. The paper shows how the seed commoning system is shaped and protected by a particular set of farming norms, which allows for sharing seeds among those who adhere to the norms but excludes those who will not. The paper further illustrates how farmers have been able to navigate fragile legal and economic pathways to collectively organize around landrace seeds, which function as an epistemic farming community, that maintain landraces from the past and shape new landraces for the present, adapted to diverse agro-ecological environments for low-input agriculture. The paper reveals how the ascribed norms to the seed commons in combination with the current seed laws set a certain limit to the extent to which agrobiodiversity is upheld and supported and discusses why prescriptions of “getting institutions right” for seed governance are difficult at best, when considering the shifting socio-nature of seeds. To further increase agrobiodiversity, the paper suggests future seed laws are redirected to the sustenance of a proliferation of protected seed commoning systems that can supply locally adapted plant material for diverse groups of farmers and farming systems.
Forfattere
Elena L. Zvereva Benjamin Adroit Tommi Andersson Craig R. A. Barnett Sofia Branco Bastien Castagneyrol Giancarlo Maria Chiarenza Wesley Dáttilo Ek del-Val Jan Filip Jory Griffith Anna L. Hargreaves Juan Antonio Hernández-Agüero Isabelle L. H. Silva Yixuan Hong Gabriella Kietzka Petr Klimeš Max Koistinen Oksana Y. Kruglova Satu Kumpula Paula Lopezosa Marti March-Salas Robert J. Marquis Yuri M. Marusik Angela T. Moles Anne Muola Mercy Murkwe Akihiro Nakamura Cameron Olson Emilio Pagani-Núñez Anna Popova Olivia Rahn Alexey Reshchikov Antonio Rodriguez-Campbell Seppo Rytkönen Katerina Sam Antigoni Sounapoglou Robert Tropek Cheng Wenda Guorui Xu Yu Zeng Maxim Zolotarev Natalia A. Zubrii Vitali Zverev Mikhail V. KozlovSammendrag
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Sammendrag
1. Persistence of standing dead trees (snags) is an important determinant for their role for biodiversity and dead wood associated carbon fluxes. How fast snags fall varies widely among species and regions and is further influenced by a variety of stand- and tree-level factors. However, our understanding of this variation is fragmentary at best, partly due to lack of empirical data. 2. Here, we took advantage of the accruing time series of snag observations in the Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish National Forest Inventories that have been followed in these programs since the mid-1990s. We first harmonized observations from slightly different inventory protocols and then, using this harmonized dataset of ca. 43,000 observations that had a consistent 5-year census interval, we modelled the probability of snags of the main boreal tree species Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Betula spp. falling, as a function of tree- and stand-level variables, using Bayesian logistic regression modelling. 3. The models were moderately good at predicting snags remaining standing or falling, with a correct classification rate ranging from 68% to 75% among species. 4. In general, snag persistence increased with tree size and climatic wetness, and decreased with temperature sum, advancing stage of decay, site productivity and disturbance intensity (mainly harvesting). 5. Synthesis and applications: The effect of harvesting demonstrates that an efficient avenue to increase the amount of snags in managed forests is protecting them during silvicultural operations. In the warmer future, negative relationship between snag persistence and temperature suggests decreasing the time snags remain standing and hence decreasing habitat availability for associated species. As decomposition rates generally increase after fall, decreasing snag persistence also implies substantially faster release of carbon from dead wood.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Akhil Reddy Pashapu Sigridur Dalmannsdottir Marit Jørgensen Odd Arne Rognli Mallikarjuna Rao KoviSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Anne Linn Hykkerud
Forfattere
Anne Linn HykkerudSammendrag
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Forfattere
Anne Linn HykkerudSammendrag
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Forfattere
Anne Linn HykkerudSammendrag
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Forfattere
Anne Linn HykkerudSammendrag
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