Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2012
Forfattere
Kirsty McKinnonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lise GrøvaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Isabella Børja Jan Svtlík Toril Drabløs Eldhuset Holger Lange Frank Newell Kidder Douglas Lawrence GodboldSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
1. Neodiprion sertifer nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeseNPV) is widely used as a viral bio-insecticide against larvae of the European pine sawfly N. sertifer (Geoff.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), which is one of the most harmful defoliators of pines in Northern Europe. A major obstacle to studying this pathogenic virus in nature is the difficulty of confirming and quantifying the presence of NeseNPV. 2. In the present study, we developed real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers, based on the caspid gene 39 sequence, for the specific and quantitative detection of NeseNPV. The quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay can detect virus from any substrate tested, including different insect life stages (egg, larval, adult), pine foliage, and litter or ground vegetation. The reproducible detection limit for the real-time assay is 0.013 pg of viral DNA (0.013 × 10−12 g), corresponding to 136 viral genomes or approximately one to seven virus occlusion bodies per sample. 3. qPCR is a specific, quantitative, sensitive, reliable and flexible procedure, and is a good supplement to conventional microscopy- or bioassay-based methods for detection of the virus. We have used qPCR to quantify the level of NeseNPV in samples collected in the field after aerial application of the virus, and demonstrated significantly higher virus levels in sawfly larvae from sprayed areas compared with unsprayed control areas 4 weeks after spraying. 4. This qPCR assay can be used to determine important aspects of the biology of NeseNPV (e.g. virus levels in different insect life stages and in their microhabitats on pine foliage and in forest litter).
Forfattere
Sarah Hale Johannes Lehmann David Rutherford Andrew R. Zimmerman Robert T. Bachmann Victor Shitumbanuma Adam O´Toole Kristina L. Sundqvist Hans Peter Arp Gerard CornelissenSammendrag
Biochar soil amendment is advocated to mitigate climate change and improve soil fertility. A concern though, is that during biochar preparation PAHs and dioxins are likely formed. These contaminants can possibly be present in the biochar matrix and even bioavailable to exposed organisms. Here we quantify total and bioavailable PAHs and dioxins in a suite of over 50 biochars produced via slow pyrolysis between 250 and 900 °C, using various methods and biomass from tropical, boreal, and temperate areas. These slow pyrolysis biochars, which can be produced locally on farms with minimum resources, are also compared to biochar produced using the industrial methods of fast pyrolysis and gasification. Total concentrations were measured with a Soxhlet extraction and bioavailable concentrations were measured with polyoxymethylene passive samplers. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.07 μg g–1 to 3.27 μg g–1 for the slow pyrolysis biochars and were dependent on biomass source, pyrolysis temperature, and time. With increasing pyrolysis time and temperature, PAH concentrations generally decreased. These total concentrations were below existing environmental quality standards for concentrations of PAHs in soils. Total PAH concentrations in the fast pyrolysis and gasification biochar were 0.3 μg g–1 and 45 μg g–1, respectively, with maximum levels exceeding some quality standards. Concentrations of bioavailable PAHs in slow pyrolysis biochars ranged from 0.17 ng L–1 to 10.0 ng L–1which is lower than concentrations reported for relatively clean urban sediments. The gasification produced biochar sample had the highest bioavailable concentration (162 ± 71 ng L–1). Total dioxin concentrations were low (up to 92 pg g–1) and bioavailable concentrations were below the analytical limit of detection. No clear pattern of how strongly PAHs were bound to different biochars was found based on the biochars’ physicochemical properties.
Forfattere
Ricardo HolgadoSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Liv Ostrem Harald VoldenSammendrag
Fiberinnhaldet utgjer ein viktig del av fôrkvaliteten i grovfôr der NDF og ufordøyeleg NDF er viktige faktorar. Raisvingelsortar av raigrastypen har ein fôrkvalitet på linje med fleirårig raigras, medan raisvingelsortar av svingeltypen (t.d. Hykor) har høgre innhald både av NDF og ikkje minst ufordøyeleg NDF som gjer det viktig å få hausta slike sortar ved rett utvikling. Timotei har generelt eit høgt innhald av NDF-relaterte faktorar, og raisvingelsortar av raigrastypen kan betra den totale fôrkvaliteten i ei timoteibasert frøblanding.
Forfattere
Liv Østrem Harald VoldenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Margarita Novoa-Garrido Birger Volden Harald VoldenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Liv Ostrem Arild LarsenSammendrag
I forsøket som blir presentert her, og i interne prøvingar hos Graminor, har kandidatsorten FuRs0463 gitt høg tørrstoffavling av god kvalitet. I offisiell prøving kom sorten diverre ikkje så godt ut, og sorten er førebels ikkje tilrådd godkjent. Viktigaste grunn er varierande overvintringsevne. Både i offisielle og interne sortsprøvingar er det med kandidatsortar som viser betre overvintringsevne og meir stabil avling over år.