Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2012
Forfattere
Kari Skjånes Stig A. Borgvang Thorsten Heidorn Celine Rebours Christian Guido Bruckner Margarita Novoa Garrido Åsbjørn KarlsenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Halvor SolheimSammendrag
Almesjuke, som kan forårsakes av to forskjellige sopparter, har vært kjent i Norge fra 1963. Fra 1981, da den aggressive arten O. novo-ulmi kom til Norge, har sjukdommen utviklet seg raskt. Den er nå etablert rundt Oslofjorden fra Fredrikstad til Skien. Almesjuke har de senere årene spredd seg lite og i skogsområder dør forholdvis få trær slik at gjenvekst og tilvekst kompenserer for tapet.
Sammendrag
I Bergen, Haugesund, Stavanger og Larvik har vi funne typiske Phytophthora-symptom på bøk (Fagus sylvatica). Ordet Phytophthora tyder planteøydeleggjar (phyto =plante, phthora=øydeleggjar) og skadeorganismar i denne slekta kan ta livet av store tre på relativt kort tid. På verdsbasis spreier Phytophthora-artar seg stadig til nye lokalitetar og vertplanter. Dette skuldast i stor grad internasjonal handel med planter. Det fins over 100 ulike Phytophthora-artar, og mange av dei er svært aggressive og har eit vidt vertplantespekter. Generelt trivest dei best i fuktig jord og vatn, men dei har også tjukkvegga sporar (oosporar) som kan overleva i årevis i jord under ugunstige tilhøve for patogenet. Så langt har vi isolert P. cambivora og P. plurivora frå bøk i Noreg. Begge artane er kjende som skadegjerarar på bøk i parkar og skogplantasjar i mange land i Europa og USA og vert sett på som ein stor trus¬sel mot naturområde.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Marie Davey Einar Heegaard Rune Halvorsen Håvard Kauserud Mikael OhlsonSammendrag
Although bryophytes are a dominant vegetation component of boreal and alpine ecosystems, little is known about their associated fungal communities. HPLC assays of ergosterol (fungal biomass) and amplicon pyrosequencing of the ITS2 region of rDNA were used to investigate how the fungal communities associated with four bryophyte species changed across an elevational gradient transitioning from conifer forest to the low-alpine. Fungal biomass and OTU richness associated with the four moss hosts did not vary significantly across the gradient (P > 0.05), and both were more strongly affected by host and tissue type. Despite largely constant levels of fungal biomass, distinct shifts in community composition of fungi associated with Hylocomium, Pleurozium and Polytrichum occurred between the elevation zones of the gradient. This likely is a result of influence on fungal communities by major environmental factors such as temperature, directly or indirectly mediated by, or interacting with, the response of other components of the vegetation (i.e. the dominant trees). Fungal communities associated with Dicranum were an exception, exhibiting spatial autocorrelation between plots, and no significant structuring by elevation. Nevertheless, the detection of distinct fungal assemblages associated with a single host growing in different elevation zones along an elevational gradient is of particular relevance in the light of the ongoing changes in vegetation patterns in boreal and alpine systems due to global climate warming.
Forfattere
Igor A. Yakovlev Carl Gunnar Fossdal Tore Skrøppa Jorunn Elisabeth Olsen Anne Hopen Jahren Øystein JohnsenSammendrag
Conifers are evolutionarily more ancient than their angiosperm counterparts, and thus some adaptive mechanisms and features influenced by epigenetic mechanisms appear more highly displayed in these woody gymnosperms. Conifers such as Norway spruce have very long generation times and long life spans, as well as large genome sizes. This seemingly excessive amount of genomic DNA without apparent duplications could be a rich source of sites for epigenetic regulation and modifications. In Norway spruce, an important adaptive mechanism has been identified, called epigenetic memory. This affects the growth cycle of these trees living in environments with mild summers and cold winters, allowing them to adapt rapidly to new and/or changing environments. The temperature during post-meiotic megagametogenesis and seed maturation epigenetically shifts the growth cycle programme of the embryos. This results in significant and long-lasting phenotypic change in the progeny, such as advance or delay of vital phenological processes of high adaptive value, like bud break and bud set. This phenomenon is not only of important evolutionary significance but has clear practical implications for forest seed production and conservation of forest genetic resources. The underlying molecular mechanism that causes the ‘memory’ in long-lived woody species is currently under investigation. Here we summarize the information related to epigenetic memory regulation in gymnosperms, with special emphasis on conifers. The molecular mechanism behind this is still unknown but transcriptional changes are clearly involved. Epigenetic regulation may be realized through several mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodelling, small non-coding RNAs and transposable element regulation, of which non-coding RNAs might be one of the most important determinants.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Christian Uhlig Christian Guido BrucknerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag