Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2014
Forfattere
Lynne Boddy Ulf Büntgen Simon Egli Alan C. Gange Einar Heegaard Paul M. Kirk Aqilah Mohammad Håvard KauserudSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Since the late nineteenth century when high-cost equipment was introduced into forestry there has been a need to calculate the cost of this equipment in more detail with respect to, for example, cost of ownership, cost per hour of production, and cost per production unit. Machine cost calculations have been made using various standard economic methods, where costs have been subdivided into capital costs and operational costs. Because of differences between methods and between national egulations, mainly regarding tax rules and subsidies, inter-national comparisons of machine costs are difficult. To address this, one of the goals of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action FP0902 was to establish a simple format for transparent cost calculations for machines in the forest biomass procurement chain. A working group constructed a Microsoft Excel – based spreadsheet model which is easy to understand and use. Input parameters are easy to obtain or possible to estimate by provided rules of thumb. The model gives users a simultaneous view of the input parameters and the resulting cost outputs. This technical note presents the model, explains how the calculations are made, and provides future users with a guide on how to use the model. Prospective users can view the model in the Supplementary Material linked to this article online
Forfattere
Kari Marie Njåstad Steffen Adler Jens Hansen-Møller Erling Thuen Anne-Maj Gustavsson Håvard SteinshamnSammendrag
Dietary phytoestrogens are metabolized or converted in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, only limited knowledge exists on the extent and location of this conversion in vivo. The objective of this study was to quantify the gastro-intestinal metabolism of phytoestrogens in lactating dairy cows fed silages with different botanical composition. Four lactating rumen cannulated Norwegian Red cattle were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square with 1 cow per treatment period of 3 wk. The 4 treatment silages were prepared from grasslands with different botanical compositions: organically managed short-term timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) ley (2 yr old: ORG-SG); organically managed long-term grassland with a high proportion of unsown species (6 yr old; ORG-LG); conventionally managed perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) ley (CON-PR); and conventionally managed timothy ley (CON-TI). The herbages were cut, wilted, and preserved with additive in round bales, fed as a mix of the first and third cut at 90% of ad libitum intake, and contributed to 70% of the total dry matter intake. Milk, feed, omasal digesta, urine, and feces were collected at the end of each period and analyzed for the concentrations of phytoestrogens by using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technique. Concentration of total isoflavones was highest in ORG-SG and lowest in CON-TI silage, whereas the content of total lignans was highest in the grass silages. The isoflavones were extensively metabolized in the rumen on all diets, and the recovery of formononetin and daidzein in omasum, mainly as equol, averaged 0.11 mg/mg. The apparent intestinal metabolism was less severe as, on average, 0.29 mg/mg of the omasal flow was recovered in feces. The plant lignans were also strongly degraded in the rumen. However, the flow of lignans to omasum and excretion in feces were, on average, 7.2- and 5.2-fold higher, respectively, than the intake of the plant lignans matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol, known as precursors of mammalian lignans. Thus, excretion to milk could not be directly related to intake, implying that plant lignans other than matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol in forage are precursors for enterolactone production in the rumen and for its content in milk. Equol followed mainly the flow of large particles out of the rumen, whereas the mammalian lignans were distributed between phases proportional to dry matter flow. The main metabolism of phytoestrogens occurred in the rumen and the main route of excretion was through feces and urine, with only a small part being excreted in milk. The concentration of phytoestrogens in milk can be manipulated through intake but the intermediate transfer capacity to milk appears to be limited by saturation
Forfattere
Hans Estrup Andersen Gitte Blicher-Mathiesen Marianne Bechmann Arvydas Povilaitis Arvo Iital Ainis Lagzdins Katarina KyllmarSammendrag
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Forfattere
Ann Katrin Holtekjølen Stine Gregersen Vhile Stefan Sahlstrøm Svein Halvor Knutsen Anne Kjersti Uhlen Mauritz Åssveen Nils Petter KjosSammendrag
submittedVersion
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Anette Aamodt Moldestad Bernt Hoel Ulrike Böcker Shiori Koga Ellen Færgestad Mosleth Anne Kjersti UhlenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Ermias Deribe Bjørn Olav Rosseland Reidar Borgstrøm Brit Salbu Zinabu Gebremariam Elias Dadebo Lindis Skipperud Ole Martin EkloSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
O.F. Schoumans W. J. Chardon Marianne Bechmann C. Gascuel-Odoux G. Hofman B. Kronvang G.H. Rubæk B. Ulén J. M. DoriozSammendrag
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