Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jørgen Todnem Tor LunnanSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Inger HansenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The long history of human land use have had a strong influence on ecosystems and landscapes in the boreal forest region of Northern Europe and created semi-natural habitats of high conservation value. In this study, we quantify land-cover change and loss of semi-natural grassland in an agricultural landscape (6.2 km2 ) in the boreal region of Norway from 1960 to 2015, and document a 49.1% loss of area that was seminatural grassland in 1960. The remaining semi-natural grasslands became smaller and the connectivity between them decreased. Intensification and abandonment of agricultural land use were of approximately equal importance for the loss of semi-natural grassland although the relative contribution of these processes depended on the topography and distance to farmsteads. The study provides an example of how change in land cover can be estimated and key drivers identified on a scale that is relevant for implementation of management and conservation measures.
Forfattere
Tommi Nyman Eeva Ylinen Tuula Sinisalo Kit Kovacs Christian Lydersen Kevin C. Johnson Stephany Herrera Evgeny Ieshko Vyacheslav Alexeev Elena Alexeeva Craig Michell Mervi KunnasrantaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Eva Lieungh Eriksen Heidrun Asgeirsdatter Ullerud Rune Halvorsen Sigrun Aune Harald Bratli Peter Horvath Inger Kristine Volden Anders Kvalvåg Wollan Anders BrynSammendrag
Questions: Substantial variation between observers has been found when comparing parallel land-cover maps, but how can we know which map is better? What magnitude of error and inter-observer variation is expected when assigning land-cover types and is this affected by the hierarchical level of the type system, observer characteristics, and ecosystem properties? Study area: Hvaler, south-east Norway. Methods: Eleven observers assigned mapping units to 120 stratified random points. At each observation point, the observers first assigned a mapping unit to the point independently. The group then decided on a ‘true’ reference mapping unit for that point. The reference was used to estimate total error. ‘Ecological distance’ to the reference was calculated to grade the errors. Results: Individual observers frequently assigned different mapping units to the same point. Deviating assignments were often ecologically close to the reference. Total error, as percentage of assignments that deviated from the reference, was 35.0% and 16.4% for low and high hierarchical levels of the land-covertype system, respectively. The corresponding figures for inter-observer variation were 42.8% and 19.4%, respectively. Observer bias was found. Particularly high error rates were found for land-cover types characterised by human disturbance. Conclusions: Access to a ‘true’ mapping unit for each observation point enabled estimation of error in addition to the inter-observer variation typically estimated by the standard pairwise comparisons method for maps and observers. Three major sources of error in the assignment of land-cover types were observed: dependence on system complexity represented by the hierarchical level of the land-cover-type system, dependence on the experience and personal characteristics of the observers, and dependence on properties of the mapped ecosystem. The results support the necessity of focusing on quality in land-cover mapping, among commissioners, practitioners and other end users.
Forfattere
Piotr Goliński Marek Czerwiński Marit Jørgensen Jørgen A.B. Mølmann Barbara Golińska Gregory TaffSammendrag
We investigated climatic trends in two contrasting locations in Europe at a regional level and at two specific sites, and we analysed how these trends are associated with the dry matter yield (DMY) of agriculturally improved grasslands. Trends of different meteorological variables were evaluated for Wielkopolska province, central Poland (1985-2014) and Troms county, northern Norway (1989-2015), as well as for two research stations located in these regions. Significant trends of increased mean air temperatures annually, and in April, June, July, August and November were identified both at the regional and site levels in Wielkopolska. In addition, growing degree days were increasing in Wielkopolska. In Troms, the common trends for the region and site studied were increase in mean air temperature in May and decrease in January. Grassland DMY was subsequently regressed against those meteorological variables for which significant trends were detected. In the Wielkopolska region, yields were negatively associated with the increase in air temperature in June, August, and the annual air temperature. The last relationship was also detected at the site level. We did not find any significant effects of climate trends on grassland DMY in the Norwegian study site or region.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Bruken av øl i fjellbygdene har mange fellestrekk med resten av landet. Mange av de eldre drikkeskikkene holdt seg likevel lengre der enn ellers. Bygg var det viktige ølkornet, men andre kornslag er brukt i tillegg for å gi et bedre øl. Sentrale ingredienser var einer, or og humle, mens bruken av urter synes mindre. Hovedtrekket etter Langfjellene er at mesk og vørter kokes på østsiden. I de vestnorske fjellbygdene er hovedtrekket at vørteren kokes, men ikke mesken. Råøl er registrert nord og sør av Langfjellene. I noen bygder, som Etnedal og Hemsedal, kan ølbryggingen være preget av en eldre tids bruk. Dersom en skal ha et «helnorskt» malt er Varde en seks-radsbygg som kan dyrkes i dal- og fjellbygder. Humle fra Numedal, Sykkylven, Vestre Gausdal og Vekkom i Ringebu har mest bitterhet. De mest aromatiske er fra Sør-Fron, Alvdal og Sykkylven. De humlene som scorer høyest på begge faktorene er fra Skjolden og Vestre Gausdal.