Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Forfattere
Jihong Liu ClarkeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Masoud Mahdianpari Mahdi Motagh Vahid Akbari Fariba Mohammadimanesh Bahram SalehiSammendrag
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data have gained interest for a variety of remote sensing applications, given the capability of SAR sensors to operate independent of solar radiation and day/night conditions. However, the radiometric quality of SAR images is hindered by speckle noise, which affects further image processing and interpretation. As such, speckle reduction is a crucial pre-processing step in many remote sensing studies based on SAR imagery. This study proposes a new adaptive de-speckling method based on a Gaussian Markov Random Field (GMRF) model. The proposed method integrates both pixel-wised and contextual information using a weighted summation technique. As a by-product of the proposed method, a de-speckled pseudo-span image, which is obtained from the least-squares analysis of the de-speckled multi-polarization channels, is also produced. Experimental results from the medium resolution, fully polarimetric L-band ALOS PALSAR data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared to other well-known de-speckling approaches. The de-speckled images produced by the proposed method maintainthe mean value of the original image in homogenous areas, while preserving the edges of features in heterogeneous regions. In particular, the equivalent number of look (ENL) achieved using the proposed method improves by about 15% and 47% compared to the NL-SAR and SARBM3D de-speckling approaches, respectively. Other evaluation indices, such as the mean and variance of the ratio image also reveal the superiority of the proposed method relative to other de-speckling approaches examined in this study.
Forfattere
Patrick J. Drohan Marianne Bechmann Anthony Buda Faruk Djodjic Donnacha Doody Jonathon M. Duncan Antti Iho Phil Jordan Peter J. Kleinman Richard McDowell Per-Erik Mellander Ian A. Thomas Paul J. A. WithersSammendrag
The evolution of phosphorus (P) management decision support tools (DSTs) and systems (DSS), in support of food and environmental security has been most strongly affected in developed regions by national strategies (i) to optimize levels of plant available P in agricultural soils, and (ii) to mitigate P runoff to water bodies. In the United States, Western Europe, and New Zealand, combinations of regulatory and voluntary strategies, sometimes backed by economic incentives, have often been driven by reactive legislation to protect water bodies. Farmer‐specific DSSs, either based on modeling of P transfer source and transport mechanisms, or when coupled with farm‐specific information or local knowledge, have typically guided best practices, education, and implementation, yet applying DSSs in data poor catchments and/or where user adoption is poor hampers the effectiveness of these systems. Recent developments focused on integrated digital mapping of hydrologically sensitive areas and critical source areas, sometimes using real‐time data and weather forecasting, have rapidly advanced runoff modeling and education. Advances in technology related to monitoring, imaging, sensors, remote sensing, and analytical instrumentation will facilitate the development of DSSs that can predict heterogeneity over wider geographical areas. However, significant challenges remain in developing DSSs that incorporate “big data” in a format that is acceptable to users, and that adequately accounts for catchment variability, farming systems, and farmer behavior. Future efforts will undoubtedly focus on improving efficiency and conserving phosphate rock reserves in the face of future scarcity or prohibitive cost. Most importantly, the principles reviewed here are critical for sustainable agriculture.
Forfattere
Stig A. BorgvangSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Svenja B. KroegerSammendrag
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Forfattere
Anne-Grete Roer HjelkremSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Nick Hodgetts Marta Cálix Eve Englefield Nicholas Fettes M. García Criado Lea Patin Ana Nieto Ariel Bergamini Irene Bisang Elvira Baisheva Patrizio Campisi A Cogoni Tomas Hallingbäck Nadya A. Konstantinova Neil Lochhart Marko Sabovljevic Norbert Schnyder Christian Schröck Cecília Sérgio Manuela Sim-Sim Jaroslav Vrba Catarina C. Ferreira Olga M. Afonina T.L. Blockeel Hans Blom Steffen Caspari Rosalina Gabriel Cesar Garcia Ricardo Garilleti J González Mancebo Irina Goldberg Lars Hedenäs David T. Holyoak Vincent Hugonnot Sanna Huttunen Mikhail S. Ignatov Elena A. Ignatova Marta Infante Riikka Juutinen Thomas Kiebacher Heribert Köckinger Jan Kucera Niklas Lönnell Michael Lüth Anabela Martins Oleg Maslovsky Beata Papp Ron Porley Gordon Rothero Lars Söderström Sorin Ştefǎnuţ Kimmo Syrjänen Alain Untereiner Jíri Vána Alain Vanderpoorten Kai Vellak Michele Aleffi J. W. Bates Neil Bell Montserrat Brugués Nils Cronberg Jo Denyer J.G. Duckett Heinjo During Johannes Enroth Vladimir E. Fedosov Kjell Ivar Flatberg Anna Ganeva Piotr Gorski Urban Gunnarsson Kristian Hassel Helena Hespanhol Mark O. Hill Rory Hodd Kristoffer Hylander Nele Ingerpuu Sanna Laaka-Lindberg Francisco Lara Vicente Mazimpaka Anna Mežaka Frank Müller Jose David Orgaz Jairo Patiño Sharon Pilkington Felisa Puche Rosa Maria Ros Fred Rumsey José Gabriel Segarra-Moragues Ana Séneca Adam Stebel Risto Virtanen Henrik Weibull Jo Wilbraham Jan ZarnowiecSammendrag
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Forfattere
Sigrid Bratlie Kristin Halvorsen Bjørn Kåre Myskja Hilde Mellegård Cathrine Bjorvatn Petter Frost Gunnar Harald Heiene Bjørn Morten Hofmann Arne Holst-Jensen Torolf Holst-Larsen Raino Sverre Malnes Benedicte Paus Bente Sandvig Sonja Irene Sjøli Birgit Skarstein May Britt Thorseth Nils Vagstad Dag Inge Våge Ole Johan BorgeSammendrag
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Forfattere
Hermine Mitter Anja-K. Techen Franz Sinabell Katharina Helming Kasper Kok Jörg A. Priess Erwin Schmid Benjamin L. Bodirsky Ian Holman Heikki Lehtonen Adrian Leip Chantal Le Mouel Erik Mathijs Bano Mehdi Melania Michetti Klaus Mittenzwei Olivier Mora Lillian Øygarden Pytrik Reidsma Rudiger Schaldach Martin SchönhartSammendrag
Moving towards a more sustainable future requires concerted actions, particularly in the context of global climate change. Integrated assessments of agricultural systems (IAAS) are considered valuable tools to provide sound information for policy and decision-making. IAAS use storylines to define socio-economic and environmental framework assumptions. While a set of qualitative global storylines, known as the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs), is available to inform integrated assessments at large scales, their spatial resolution and scope is insufficient for regional studies in agriculture. We present a protocol to operationalize the development of Shared Socio-economic Pathways for European agriculture – Eur-Agri-SSPs – to support IAAS. The proposed design of the storyline development process is based on six quality criteria: plausibility, vertical and horizontal consistency, salience, legitimacy, richness and creativity. Trade-offs between these criteria may occur. The process is science-driven and iterative to enhance plausibility and horizontal consistency. A nested approach is suggested to link storylines across scales while maintaining vertical consistency. Plausibility, legitimacy, salience, richness and creativity shall be stimulated in a participatory and interdisciplinary storyline development process. The quality criteria and process design requirements are combined in the protocol to increase conceptual and methodological transparency. The protocol specifies nine working steps. For each step, suitable methods are proposed and the intended level and format of stakeholder engagement are discussed. A key methodological challenge is to link global SSPs with regional perspectives provided by the stakeholders, while maintaining vertical consistency and stakeholder buy-in. We conclude that the protocol facilitates systematic development and evaluation of storylines, which can be transferred to other regions, sectors and scales and supports inter-comparisons of IAAS.