Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2023
Sammendrag
Carrot is the main field vegetable in Norway and is stored at 0-1°C for up to 8 months. In long-stored carrots, postharvest diseases are problematic. Better knowledge of the causal agents of postharvest diseases can help producers apply appropriate control measures to reduce carrot loss and waste. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of the tip rot problem and the prevalence of other storage diseases of carrots in different regions in Norway. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 by collecting carrots from 16 commercial cold storages, representing four regions. From each storage, representative carrots were randomly sampled, washed, and sorted into different disease categories and healthy carrots. Representative samples from each category were further analyzed in the NIBIO laboratory to identify the causal agent(s) and confirm the disease. Causal agent(s) were identified by symptom and sign description, microscopy and when necessary, DNA sequencing. One or more pathogens were identified from each symptomatic carrot. The incidence of postharvest diseases significantly varied among regions. Taking all years and regions together, only 42% of the carrots were healthy. In other words, 58% of the carrots were with one or more diseases, representing a waste due to diseases alone. Tip rot alone contributed to about 30% of the postharvest loss. Our results indicate that the burden of postharvest diseases of carrots is increasing. This includes diseases like tip rot disease complex, Cylindrocarpon root rot and cavity spot. The results are useful to direct research investigation of the most problematic diseases. Most of the post-harvest diseases of carrots are the result of latent infections that occur in the field, and stress during handling, storage, and processing operations. Hence, postharvest disease control measures should consider the pre-and postharvest predisposing factors of carrots for storage rot.
2022
Forfattere
Muhammad NaseerSammendrag
The growing global population levels and the resulting increasing demands for food has put a lot of pressure on the food production systems and made the agricultural sector highly energy-intensive. The intensification in global food production has led to the need to adapt production systems according to the local climatic conditions, making food production possible in areas where it was di cult before and also making the production process environmentally sustainable. One way to adapt food production systems is through protected cultivation techniques, such as greenhouses, that enable controlled indoor climate, crop protection from extreme climate conditions, pests and diseases and the possibility to extend production seasons for certain crops. Yet these techniques a ect the investments, economic performance, used resources and have certain environmental consequences. Norway, for instance, is one such region in which one of the biggest challenges associated with protected cultivation systems is the issue of low availability of natural light and heat, especially during the cold winter months. Production in such regions requires high levels of energy, yet some of these regions also have significant availability of renewable energy resources. The challenge of low light and heat can be overcome by bringing about changes in the production techniques, including greenhouse design elements, production seasons and energy sources. However, this also in turn raises the issue of environmental impact of greenhouse vegetable production in high latitude regions and especially from the use of renewable energy that is present in significant amounts in many regions with considerable greenhouse vegetable production. While there exist several studies on the di erent aspects of greenhouse vegetable production in various regions, and their resulting environmental effects, works related to the use of renewable energy sources, especially in high latitude regions such as Norway are limited. Moreover, studies regarding the environmental impact of greenhouse production of vegetables often show that there is a trade-off between the economic performance and the environmental impact. Local climate and light variability call for regionally adapted greenhouse production techniques. Moreover, the impact of a certain greenhouse design on the economic performance may not always be correlated to the environmental impact. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the impact of various production strategies on the economic potential, resource use and the environment in instances where the traditional fossil fuel is supplemented and/or replaced by energy from renewable resources. In the present work, an attempt has been made to provide a broad picture of greenhouse tomato production at high latitude regions as a result of adapting production strategies in line with the local climates in Norway, with a particular emphasis on renewable energy sources in order to evaluate the environmental impact of locally produced tomatoes that are also economically profitable. The study has been divided into three stages. In the first part, an economic evaluation of seasonal (mid-March to mid-October) greenhouse tomato production in southestern, southwestern, central and northern Norway was performed. In the second part, an economic evaluation and energy use of extended season (from 20th January to 20th November) and year-round production of greenhouse tomatoes in the selected locations in Norway was performed. Sets of plausible design elements, greenhouse climate management, different artificial lighting strategies were assessed to evaluate the impact of the greenhouse design on the Net Financial Return (NFR), energy use and CO2 emissions of the production process. In the third part, a life cycle impact assessment was conducted for a selected number of designs from the first two stages that yielded high NFR or was associated with low energy use in order to assess whether the designs that performed well economically are also environmentally sustainable. The study found clear region-dependent differences in the NFR, its underlying elements, energy use and the resulting environmental impact of different greenhouse designs with differing energy-saving and internal climate control equipment. Our results show that economic profitability can be combined with a low environmental impact under certain regions and production techniques. It was found that Kise (southeastern) was the most favorable location for seasonal greenhouse tomato production in Norway, while Orre (southwestern) was the most favorable location in terms of the economic performance and environmental impact during the extended and year-round production seasons. Moreover, our results show that night energy screens, electric heat pumps and light sources had the most impacts of the elements that were investigated on the NFR and the resulting environmental impact across the three production seasons and need to be considered while constructing greenhouses for tomato production in regions having similar climate as that of Norway. The results of this study provide interesting insights on works related to the greenhouse vegetable production and energy resources in high latitude regions with considerable supplies of renewable energy. The findings can enable local producers across Norway to design greenhouses keeping in mind the local climate, the economic profitability and the environmental sustainability and can help policymakers in devising policies that encourage local growers to adapt production strategies aimed at increasing local production that is both economically profitable and environmentally sustainable.
Sammendrag
Flere økobønder kan dyrke høstraps. Nye sorter som egner seg for norsk klima gjør det mulig å utvide dyrkingsområdet. Etterspørselen er stor. Rapsdyrker Thorbjørn Lund forteller om gode erfaringer med å dyrke den etterspurte oljeveksten.
Sammendrag
Miljømessig og økonomisk bærekraft ble analysert og evaluert på 20 melkeproduserende gårder med økologisk og konvensjonell drift i Møre og Romsdal. Overskuddet av nitrogen, fosfor og kalium, energiforbruket og klimagassutslippet per daa var høyest ved konvensjonell drift og steg ved økende intensitet.
Sammendrag
I flere tusen år har sau og ull gitt oss mat og varme klær. Sauen har gitt oss kulturlandskap og biologisk mangfold, kultur og tradisjoner, bosetting og aktivitet, verdiskaping og bygdeutvikling. Så ble sauen plutselig en trussel mot klima og bærekraft. Er dette ryktet som fortjent.
Sammendrag
Fagansvar for tema skogbiologi (>100 artikler) som gir informasjon om skog, skogtyper, skogbruk og skogens biologi til skoleelever, studenter og befolkningen generelt.
Forfattere
Lars Sandved DalenSammendrag
Fagansvar for tema skogbiologi (>100 artikler) som gir informasjon om skog, skogtyper, skogbruk og skogens biologi til skoleelever, studenter og befolkningen generelt.
Sammendrag
Fagansvar for tema skogbiologi (>100 artikler) som gir informasjon om skog, skogtyper, skogbruk og skogens biologi til skoleelever, studenter og befolkningen generelt.
Sammendrag
Etter tørkesommeren 2020 står det mye tørrgran igjen i skogen. Hva om dette kunne vært benyttet som fyringsved? Vedekspert Simen Gjølsjø har undersøkt om det er god fyringsøkonomi å ta tørrgran direkte fra skogen og inn i vedovnen.
Forfattere
Brigitta Szabó János Mészáros Piroska Kassai Péter Braun Attila Nemes Csilla Farkas Natalja Cerkasova Federica Monaco Enrico Antonio Chiaradia Felix WitingSammendrag
An important aim of the OPTAIN project is to derive missing information on necessary model input variables in a harmonized way to allow for a sound cross-case study assessment of NSWRM effectiveness. Therefore, in this report we provide approaches applicable for all OPTAIN case studies (CS) to fill data gaps. The specific objective of OPTAINs task 3.3 was to provide methods to cover missing input data that is required for the environmental modelling and socio-economic analysis. The deliverable includes guidelines with detailed explanations about the derivation of missing data for the CS leaders. Based on the information provided by CS leaders in the OPTAIN milestone “MS7 Data inventory of input data for integrated modelling collected from all case studies”, the following information had to be covered by approaches provided by WP3 to fulfil the input requirements of the models and analysis: 1) soil phosphorus content, 2) effective bulk density, 3) moist soil albedo of the top layer, 4) USLE soil erodibility (K) factor, 5) available water capacity, 6) saturated hydraulic conductivity, 7) time series crop data. The mapping of soil phosphorus content is based on the LUCAS topsoil dataset. During the mapping the geometric mean phosphorus content by land use types – characteristic for the region of the CS – is applied. Further required data are the LUCAS Land Use / Cover Area Frame Survey, European agro-climate zone map and the land use or land cover map of the CS – a local one, if available. For the calculation of soil physical and hydraulic properties we apply methods available from the literature. The derivation of crop maps is based on remote sensing data. A crop classification model was trained on the cropland data of the LUCAS Land Use / Cover Area Frame Survey of the years 2015 and 2018, merged with the Sentinel-1A and -1B satellite radar images. The pixel based crop classification was carried out with a random forest algorithm on the Google Earth Engine platform. The method can be applied for 2015 and all following years. By adding a map of field boundaries, the pixel based crop prediction can be aggregated to field level using the majority of the predicted crop. Regarding the socio-economic data, missing information is planned to be covered from official statistics. The EU database does not account properly for the Norwegian and Swiss sites, therefore required data will be retrieved ex novo from local sources or literature.