Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
The European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer is a widely distributed defoliator of pines that can cause substantial growth losses over extensive areas. It attacks most species of twoneedle pines in its distribution area, and have occasional short-lived outbreaks that may cover up to 200.000 ha. In Norway we have had outbreak populations in the eastern part of the country since 2004, and in an ongoing research project we are evaluating aerial application of the Neodiprion sertifer nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NsNPV) to control Neodiprion sertifer....
Sammendrag
We investigated whether the stand age affects the life span of tree and understory fine roots (<1mm) in three Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands: 30, 60 and 120-yr-old. In each stand 9 minirhizotrons were installed and images were collected once in a month throughout the growing season during the three years. Norway spruce fine roots in the 30-yr old stand had a life span 401 ± 27 and 341 ± 68 days, and understory 409 ± 162 and 349 ± 142 days, estimated by using the Kaplan Meier survival analysis (KM) and Weibull distribution, respectively...
Sammendrag
Bursaphelenchus xyliphilus, the Pine Wood Nematode (PWN) is not known to occur in Norway. With the present trade pattern the probability of entry of PWN into Norway is high. The most probable pathway is wood packing material. The probability that PWN will establish and spread in Norway is high. The beetle Monochamus sutor is regarded as a potential vector, but this has not been established in nature. The currently low density may retard PWN, but it will probably not stop establishement in a longer perspective.
Sammendrag
Pine Wood Nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is the causal organism of Pine Wilt Disease (PWD), the worst forest pest of Japan. In Europe PWN is known to exist in Portugal. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet) is concerned about the plant health risks and the consequences to the society if PWN should establish in Norway. Mattilsynet needs a scientific assessment of the proposed measures in a contingency plan for PWN. Mattilsynet also needs the risks connected with recent spread of PWN in Portugal to be evaluated before possible changes can be made in the current phytosanitary policy of Norway. On this background Mattilsynet requested a pest risk assessment of PWN from the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM). To answer the request, VKM commissioned a draft pest risk assessment report from the Norwegian Institute for Agricultural Sciences and Environmental Research (Bioforsk). A working group appointed by VKM’s Panel on Plant Health (Panel 9) has been involved during Bioforsk’s work on the report. VKM’s Panel 9 has used the report as a basis for VKM’s opinion. The current document answers Part 1 of Mattilsynet’s request, and was adopted by Panel 9 on a meeting 3rd September 2008. VKM’s Panel 9 gives the following main conclusions of the risk assessment: The PRA area of this assessment is Norway. PWN is not known to occur in Norway. With present trade pattern the probability of entry of PWN into Norway is expected to be high. The most probable pathway for entry of PWN into Norway would be wood packaging material (WPM). The probability that PWN will establish and spread in Norway is considered as high. With regard to the so-called Pest Free Areas (PFAs) of Portugal, the criteria given in ISPM No. 4 (FAO 1995) for establishing and maintaining PFAs have not been met, and the data available is not sufficient to confirm the existence of PFAs. Acceptance of untreated conifer wood from all parts of Portugal will result in a very high probability of entry and a high probability of establishment and spread of PWN and its vector to Norway. Uncertainty factors: To the best of our knowledge PWN is absent from the PRA area. The beetle M. sutor is regarded as a potential vector or PWN, but this has so far not been demonstrated in nature. The currently low vector densities may retard establishment of the PWN and PWD, but it will probably not stop establishment in a longer perspective. Lack of information on the dynamics of PWN populations in cool climates complicates estimates of the spread of the nematode and PWD. Custom routines may fail in their detection of PWN. Import of a seemingly harmless material might therefore pose an unknown risk. WPM follows consignments of all kinds and is a good example of a hazardous material, which often escapes plant health inspections. Detailed assessments of economic consequences of a possible establishment and spread of PWN in Norway, the effects of global warming and other climate changes on the probability for PWD outbreaks, and the effect of possible phytosanitary measures, will be given in Part 2.
Sammendrag
På seinsommaren 2008 vart bladskimmel for første gong påvist i lisespringfrø (Impatiens walleriana) i Noreg. Sjukdomen fører til misvekst, bladgulning, knopp og bladfall. Store angrep er registrert i Oslo og Bergen. Mikroskop-studium og molekylære analysar tilseier at det er arten Plasmopara obducens som har gitt skaden
Forfattere
Aruppillai Suthaparan Arne Stensvand Sissel Torre Maria Herrero Rolf Inge Pettersen Hans Ragnar GislerødSammendrag
Artikkelen omhandlar resultat av forsøk med auka daglengde for å redusera problem med mjøldogg i roser.
Forfattere
Trond Hofsvang Leif Sundheim May Bente Brurberg Christer Magnusson Trond Rafoss Brita Toppe Anne Marte Tronsmo Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
Commercial products sold as "Jumping beans" are seed capsules of the scrubs Sebastiana paovniana, S. palmeri or S. bolcularis containing larvae of Cydia deshaisiana. The larva makes the capsule move when heated. The risk assessment concluded that the larvae depend on a host not present in Norway to complete its life cycle. As the host plants only grow under extreme hot, desert conditions the expected climatic changes in the foreseable future will not lead to establishment and spread of the pest.
Forfattere
Nenad Kea Halvor SolheimSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Halvor Solheim Iben Margarethe ThomsenSammendrag
I de siste 10-15 årene er Ask (Fraxinus excelsior) blitt rammet av en virussjukdom som har spredd seg fra Polen til nærliggende områder. Både Sverige og Danmark er rammet, og Norge kan står for tur.
Forfattere
Helge Sjursen Inger Sundheim FløistadSammendrag
Kjempebjørnekjeks er en fremmed art i Norge. Arten er vurdert til å utgjøre en høy risiko for annet biologisk mangfold på voksestedet og det er behov for tiltak for å unngå ytterligere spredning. Formålet med denne undersøkelsen var å fremskaffe kunnskap om effektive metoder for bekjempelse av kjempebjørnekjeks i forbindelse med etablering av grøntanlegg ved ny E16 nær Wøyen i Bærum. I tillegg var det et mål å opparbeide kunnskap om hvordan en kan redusere bestandet av kjempebjørnekjeks når jordmasser som legges i ranke under anleggsarbeidet skal tilbakeføres til veganlegget