Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The paper analyses and discusses possible impacts on Norwegian agriculture of an EU membership based on the regionalized agricultural sector model CAPRI. Norwegian agriculture is characterized by a small-scale farming structure and high levels of support. Previous analyses have shown that Norwegian agriculture is expected to undergo dramatic changes because of EU membership in terms of farm income, production and structural change. Our study indicates that a substantial share of the agricultural production can be maintained at the national level. Milk and crop production may remain largely unaffected, while meat production decreases in the range of 10–20% compared to a reference run without membership. However, a reduction in total farm income by about 40% indicates that structural adjustments will follow EU accession. The results are discussed in view of the pattern of adjustments observed in Finland and Austria after EU accession in 1995. The need for the dairy industry to take advantage of the improved market access is stressed. Attention is also called to some strengths and limitations of the CAPRI model to analyse large-scale policy changes and to identify model improvements as an area of future research.
Forfattere
Ingunn M. VågenSammendrag
Grunnlaget for en høy brokkoliavling sikres ved god N-tilgang i perioden fra to til seks uker etter planting, når hodeanlegget dannes. I siste del av dyrkingsperioden bør N-tilførselen begrenses for å stimulere til intern overføring av N fra stengler og blad til brokkolihoder.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Early cut organic grass silage was compared with silage harvested 17 days (180 daydegrees) later in a continuous production experiment with 32 Norwegian Red dairy cows in early lactation. A half of the cows received a feed ration with 40% concentrates (H), and the other half 10% (L) on an annual energy basis. Early cut resulted in lower crop yields (2.17 t DM/ha) compared with normal cut (4.66 t DM/ha). Energy and protein concentrations were higher for early cut than for normal cut silage (6.4 vs. 5.6 MJ NEl, as assessed by NIRS, 136 vs. 105 g/kg DM CP). Feeding early cut silage of an organic ley increased feed intake. Cows at H produced 27.5 kg ECM per day with early cut silage and 25.3 kg ECM with normal cut silage, and cows at L produced respectively 24.7 and 22.4 kg ECM. Cows offered early cut silage had highest milk protein concentration (H: 34.6 vs. 32.8; L: 34.4 vs. 31.4 g/kg). In the present experiment the harvesting time did not influence the sensoric quality of milk, but low concentrate level reduced the milk taste slightly. Therefore early cut may only be recommended to farmers in northern Norway when acerage is not a limiting factor.
Sammendrag
I norra Norge och norra Finland har forskats om vilken effekt olika utfodringssystemen av vallväxter har på fettsyrasammansättningen i mjölk och kött. Projektet Barents Agro Forum har finansierat båda försöken. Betestjurarna hade större slaktprocent och därmed bättre köttillväxt jämfört med tjurarna i lösdrift. Tjurarna behöver kraftfodertillägg så att tillväxten inte blir sämre på betet. Större andel långkedjade fettsyror vid den senare skördetiden kan tyda på ökad mobilisering från kons fettvävnad. Låg kraftfodernivå gav bättre proportion mellan omega-3 och omega-6 fettsyror i mjölk.
Sammendrag
I norra Norge och norra Finland har forskats om vilken effekt olika utfodringssystemen av vallväxter har på fettsyrasammansättningen i mjölk och kött. Försök i Finland: Betestjurarna hade större andel fleromättade fettsyror och större slaktprocent och därmed bättre köttillväxt jämfört med tjurarna i lösdrift. Tjurarna behöver kraftfodertillägg så att tillväxten inte blir sämre på betet. Försök i Norge: Tidig skörd gav högre avkastning och proteininnehåll i mjölk änn vid normal skördetid. Proportionen mellan omega-6/omega-3-fettsyror och innehållet av alfa-linolensyra var bäst vid tidig skörd. Mjølk producerat på grass skördat vid normal tid hade høgara innehåll av omättade fettsyror och CLA.
Sammendrag
Feed fatty acid (FA) composition influences the FA composition of cow milk. In a continuous production experiment with 32 Norwegian red dairy cows fishmeal (FM) was compared to peameal (PM) as protein supplement to home-grown cereals and grass silage in organic farming. The protein supplements were together with cereals formulated to be isonitrogeneous and isoenergetic (NEL) and were compared at high (HC) and low concentrate (LC) level. The concentrate rations did not affect the intake of silage. Fishmeal resulted in significantly higher milk yield (kg) with a lower fat concentration (HC) compared to PM. Lower concentrations of urea and FFA were found in milk produced with FM compared to PM. Milk flavour and odour was equal or better when FM rather than PM was fed. Fishmeal diets increased significantly the proportions of several long-chain FAs: oleic acid (C18:1c9), vaccenic acid (C18:1c11), CLA (C18:2c9,t11, not significant at HC), C20:0, C18:1t10, and DHA (C22:6 n-3) in milk fat compared to PM. DHA, which is found in high concentrations in FM (14 g/100g FAME), had the most significant increase. The proportion of C18:3 n-3 (ALA) was significantly lower when FM was fed compared to PM. The percentage of saturated FA was significantly lower and the percentage of monounsaturated FA was higher when FM rather than PM was fed. For cows on HC the n-6/n-3 ratio was lower in the FM group than in the PM group, and the ratio was lower at LC than at HC (p = 0.006, interaction p = 0.02). Fishmeal diets included higher proportions of oats than PM diets. Oats have high content of oleic acid and may therefore have influenced the composition of FAs in milk fat as well as the protein supplements. Fishmeal increased the proportion of beneficial FAs without reducing the sensoric quality of milk. It remains unclear whether this is an effect of protein source or an effect of the higher oat proportions in FM diets.
Sammendrag
Three continuous production experiments and three short term cross over experiments were carried out in Northern Norway to investigate different feeding strategies for dairy cows in organic farming. This paper focuses on the effects on sensoric milk quality. Half of the 32 Norwegian red dairy cows in the production experiments were fed 40% (HC) concentrates (on energy basis per year) and the other half 10% (LC). Twelve cows (HC) participated in the short term cross over experiments. The experimental factors in the continuous production experiments were barley preservation method (P1), grass silage maturity (P2) and type of protein supplement (P3), and in the short term cross over experiments barley preservation method (C1), type of protein supplement (C2) and time for fishmeal feeding (C3). In all experiments the cows were offered grass silage ad libitum, restricted amounts of cereals and protein feeds, and mineral and vitamin supplements. The sensoric quality of milk was in general high. In the production experiments, milk from cows in HC had slightly higher quality than from cows in LC (significant in P2, p = 0.04). Neither the preservation method of barley (dried or ensiled with molasses), maturity of grass silage or type of protein supplement (fishmeal or peameal) influenced the sensoric milk quality significantly. Also in the cross over experiments no effect of the studied factors was found in milk flavour and odour. Early harvested grass silage gave significantly lower FFA contents than grass silage cut at normal time (P2) and FM gave significantly lower FFA concentrations than peameal (P3). These results indicate that organic farmers with different feeding regimes can produce milk of first class sensoric quality. Also the content of FFA has been low in all experiments (except C1). However, feeding regimes containing low levels of concentrates may reduce milk taste slightly.