Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Sammendrag
This paper compares technical efficiencies (TEs) and technological gap ratios (TGRs) for dairy farms in regions of Norway, accounting for differences in working environments. We used the state-of-the-art stochastic meta-frontier approach to estimate TEs and TGRs to account for regional heterogeneity, and the ‘true’ random-effect model to account for farm effects. The dataset used was farm-level balanced panel data for 24 years (1992–2014), with 5442 observations from 731 dairy farms. The results of the analysis provide empirical evidence of small regional differences in TEs, TGRs, and input use. Furthermore, the results may provide support for the more regionally specific agricultural policy, in terms of support schemes and structural regulations.
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
In this article, we estimate the progress of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the Norwegian grain production sector. Previous studies conducted in TFP estimation can be criticized for estimated production function relied on the assumption that the underlying technology is the same for all regions and firms face similar environmental conditions. In reality, agricultural firms in different regions resource endowment, adoption of new technology, and innovation might be different because of farmers face different production opportunities. For this study, we classified the country into two main grain producing regions with district level of development, and hence production technologies. We used farm level balanced panel data for 19 years (1996-2014) with 1463 observations from farms specialized in grain production. We applied the ‘true' fixed effect stochastic frontier model to estimate region level efficiency and source of productivity changes. The result of the analysis shows that there has been a productivity improvement in the sector, and technical change has had the main source of productivity change.
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
Previous studies estimating TFP and its components have been criticized for not considering farm heterogeneity in their model. Moreover, the studies focused on the technical evaluation of a sector. However, the technical evaluation alone reveals how well farmers use the physical production process. There is a need to closely examine the cost efficiency of the farmers. In this study, we used a cost function (dual) approach to facilitating the decomposition and estimation of TFP components. Using a translog stochastic cost function, we estimated the level and source of productivity and profitability change for crop producing family firms in Norway. We used the true random effect to account for farm heterogeneity. The analysis is based on 23 years unbalanced panel data (1991-2013) from 455 crop- producing firms with a total of 3885 observations. The result indicates that average annual productivity growth rate in grain and forage production was - 0.11 % per annum during the period 1991-2013. The profit change was 0.14 % per annum.
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
Previous studies estimating TFP and its components have been criticized for not considering farm heterogeneity in their model. Moreover, the studies focused on the technical evaluation of a sector. However, the technical evaluation alone reveals how well farmers use the physical production process. There is a need to closely examine the cost efficiency of the farmers. In this study, we used a cost function (dual) approach to facilitating the decomposition and estimation of TFP components. Using a translog stochastic cost function, we estimated the level and source of productivity and profitability change for crop producing family firms in Norway. We used the true random effect to account for farm heterogeneity. The analysis is based on 23 years unbalanced panel data (1991-2013) from 455 crop- producing firms with a total of 3885 observations. The result indicates that average annual productivity growth rate in grain and forage production was - 0.11 % per annum during the period 1991-2013. The profit change was 0.14 % per annum.
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
This doctoral thesis incorporates an integrated framework for the measurement and analysis of the performance of Norwegian farms, focusing on crop-producing and dairy farms. Farm-level datasets were used in the analysis. The thesis comprises an introductory chapter and five independent research articles. The aim of the first article is to explore the effects of model specifications and estimate short-run and long-run inefficiency. We used the transcendental logarithmic (translog) cost function and the analysis is based on unbalanced farm-level panel data for the period 1991–2013 from 455 Norwegian farms that specialise in crop production in the Eastern and Central regions of Norway. It was found that cost efficiency scores are sensitive to how the inefficiency is modelled and interpreted. Empirical analysis demonstrates that the magnitude of long-run inefficiency (5%) is lower than the level of short-run inefficiency (6%). It would be possible to reduce crop production costs by, on average, up to 5% if shortfalls in managerial capabilities were reduced. Such shortfalls in farmers’ management abilities derive from such factors as lack of farming experience and lack of farm ownership. On the other hand, it would be possible to reduce crop production costs by up to 6% if transient inefficiencies could be eliminated. On average, actual costs could be reduced by 11% without reducing output if both forms of inefficiency were eliminated from Norwegian crop production. Policy interventions to this end might include providing training in farm-management practices, and policy changes to ease rigidity in farm ownership. The objective of the second article is to measure the economic performance of two crop-producing Norwegian farms while accounting for both unobserved heterogeneity and environmental variables. The analysis employs a translog cost function and is based on unbalanced farm-level panel data comprising 3,855 observations (1,004 observations from the central region and 2,884 from the eastern region). We found that the mean minimum costs for the period 1991–2013 were approximately 93% and 92% of the actual production costs for crop farms in the central and eastern regions, respectively. The marginal effects of crop rotation, land tenure, off-farm activity, direct government support, and experience positively correlated with the economic performance of crop farms. In both regions, the marginal contribution of these variables to economic performance increased for the period 2000–2013 compared to 1991–1999. The aim of Article 3 is to measure the contribution of productivity and price change to changes in the profitability of crop-producing family farms in Norway. The results indicate that the average annual productivity growth rate for grain and forage production decreased by 0.11% per annum over the period 1991–2013. Profits decreased by 0.14% per annum primarily due to the effect of the trend of increasing input prices and a decline in total factor productivity. Interventions to improve the productivity of farms would also improve farm profitability.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
I dette studiet har vi ved hjelp av livsløpsanalyse (LCA) analysert miljøeffektane av å produsere norsk svinekjøtt. Utgangspunktet for analysa har vore eit fiktivt gardsbruk, plassert i Stange kommune, med kombinert svineproduksjon (både smågris-og slaktegrisproduksjon) og med kornproduksjon (bygg, vårkveite og havre) der gjødsla frå svinebesetninga blir utnytta. Som utgangspunkt analyserte vi eit tradisjonelt opplegg der grisane fekk kraftfôrblandingar tilpassa behovet som einaste fôr. Soya utgjorde 8% kraftfôrblandinga på råvektbasis. Vi analyserte svineproduksjonen under to ulike alternativ: a) At dei norske kornråvarene i kraftfôret var produsert på garden eller på ein tilsvarande gard, b) At dei norske kornråvarene i kraftfôret kom frå husdyrfrie gardar med mineralgjødsel som einaste gjødselslag. I tillegg analyserte vi på tilsvarande måte svineproduksjonen på garden i ein situajson der arealgrunnlaget blei utvida til også å omfatte eng, og der engavlinga blei brukt i ein bioraffineringsprosess til å produsere grassaft som proteinfôr til slaktegrisane i besetninga. Pressresten (pulp) blei selt som grovfôr til lokale storfeprodusentar. I tillegg til grassaft fekk slaktegrisane kraftfôr med redusert innhald av soya (6%) samanlikna med standardblandinga. Samla ga denne fôrrasjonen dekning av slaktegrisane sitt næringsbehov, slik at tilvekst og produksjonsresultat var det same i begge produksjonsopplegga.....
Forfattere
Synnøve GrenneSammendrag
NIBIO har utført et oppdrag for Leka kommune der hensikten var å gi en oversikt over arealer med den sterkt trua naturtypen kystlynghei og den fremmede arten sitkagran begrenset til Leka kommune. Rapporten gir en oversikt over arealer med sitkagran, men avgrenset til et presisjonsnivå som var mulig å oppnå ved tolking av flyfoto. I tillegg ble informasjon fra arealressurskart (AR 5) og andre digitalt tilgjengelige kilder sammenstilt for å identifisere arealer som potensielt er kystlynghei. Oppdraget var å anse som et forprosjekt.
Forfattere
Synnøve GrenneSammendrag
Naturtypen artsrik slåttemark er sterkt truet ifølge Norsk rødliste for naturtyper, og ble i 2011 utvalgt naturtype (UN) med en viss beskyttelse gjennom lov om Naturmangfold. NIBIO, ved Synnøve Nordal Grenne, fikk i 2017 i oppdrag fra Fylkesmannen i Sør-Trøndelag å revidere skjøtselsplanen for slåttemarka på Dølan i Malvik kommune. Det var da fem år siden første skjøtselsplan ble utarbeidet (2012). Den reviderte skjøtselsplanen er utarbeidet etter skjøtselsplanmal for Handlingsplan for slåttemark og gjelder for slåttemark som utvalgt naturtype, UN. Innledningen i rapporten er hentet ut fra handlingsplanen for slåttemark, som angir en mal og retningslinjer for slåttemarker i Midt- Norge generelt, og er ikke forfattet av undertegnede for denne skjøtselsplanen. Spesiell del omhandler slåttemarkslokaliteten Dølan. Slåttemarka har verdi B- viktig.