Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2013
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Erling MeisingsetSammendrag
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Forfattere
Erling MeisingsetSammendrag
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Forfattere
Erling MeisingsetSammendrag
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Forfattere
Lars Qviller Nina Risnes Olsen Kim Magnus Bærum Erling Meisingset Leif Egil Loe Bjørnar Ytrehus Hildegunn Viljugrein Atle MysterudSammendrag
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Forfattere
James David Mervyn Speed Erling Meisingset Gunnar Austrheim Alison J. Hester Atle Mysterud Jean-Pierre Tremblay Erling Johan SolbergSammendrag
Browsing by cervids plays a key role in structuring forest ecosystems and dynamics. Many boreal forest systems are managed for timber resources, and at the same time the wild cervid populations are also harvested. Thus, the determination of sustainable densities of cervids for the purpose of forest and game management is challenging. In this study we report on a red deer (Cervus elaphus) exclosure experiment in the mature forests of Western Norway. Ten pairs of exclosures and browsed plots were initiated in 2008. The rate of browsing and height growth of marked individuals was recorded annually, and the total densities of all tree species assessed over the following 4 y. We found that height growth of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) saplings (1 m tall), the most numerous tree species at the site, was prevented when 20% of the shoots were browsed. Outside of the exclosures, net height growth of rowan saplings tended to be positive when trees were below 40 cm in height, but growth was constrained in rowan saplings over this height. The density of rowan also increased in both treatments, showing that recruitment was occurring, but the increase was greater where browsed than in the exclosure. The increase in density of rowan, combined with the curtailment of height growth in the presence of red deer, serves to create a carpet of short stature rowan saplings. This has parallels with the browsing lawn concept, but it seems to occur in interaction with snow depth; individuals protruding above the snow layer are likely to be browsed during the winter, whilst smaller individuals are protected during this season, when browsing is at its peak. Keywords: browsing lawns, Cervidae, Cervus elaphus, herbivory, snow depth, sustainable management. Résumé : Le broutement par les cervidés joue un rôle clé dans la composition, la structure et la dynamique des écosystèmes forestiers. De nombreux systèmes forestiers boréaux sont gérés à la fois pour la production de ressources ligneuses et la chasse sportive des cervidés. Un enjeu majeur réside dans la détermination d’une densité de cervidés permettant une exploitation durable de ces ressources. Dans cette étude, nous rapportons une expérience d’exclusion du cerf élaphe (Cervus elaphus) dans les forêts matures de l’ouest de la Norvège basée sur 10 paires d’exclos et de parcelles accessibles au broutement établies en 2008. Nous avons mesuré annuellement durant 4 ans le taux de broutement et de croissance verticale de semis et de gaulis marqués et estimé les densités totales de toutes les espèces d'arbres. Hors des exclos, la croissance des gaules (1 m de haut) de sorbier des oiseleurs (Sorbus aucuparia), l’espèce ligneuse la plus abondante sur le site, était compromise lorsque 20 % des pousses étaient broutées. Nous avons observé une tendance positive dans la croissance des gaules de moins de 40 cm alors qu’elle était compromise au-delà de ce seuil. La densité de sorbiers a également augmenté à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur des exclos révélant un recrutement positif, toutefois l'augmentation de la densité était plus marquée dans les parcelles soumises au broutement. L'augmentation de la densité de sorbiers, combinée à la réduction de la croissance en hauteur, en présence du cerf élaphe génère une strate dense de sorbiers de petite stature. Cette situation présente des similitudes avec le concept de haie de pâturage (browsing lawn), mais pourrait être liée à l’épaisseur de neige au sol. En effet, les arbustes qui dépassent la couche nivale sont plus susceptibles d’être broutés que les plus petits qui sont protégés en hiver lorsque la consommation d’espèces ligneuses est maximale. Mots-clés : cervidés, Cervus elaphus, épaisseur de neige, exploitation durable, haie de pâturage, herbivorie
Forfattere
Kjersti Holt HanssenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
The relative volume growth effects of thinning after whole-tree harvesting (WTH) compared to a conventional stem-only harvest (CH) in young stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were analyzed, using a series of four pine and four spruce field experiments. The series was established in the years 1972–1977, and thinning was performed only once. Results are shown periodically and cumulatively. All sites were included for 20 (19) years in pine and 25 years in spruce. The total experimental period varied between 19 and 35 years for individual sites. Four models assuming additive or multiplicative effects gave only slightly varying results. The inclusion of standing volume after thinning as a covariate was effective in spruce independent of whether the covariate was treated as multiplicative or additive. A logarithmic model with a multiplicative effect of the covariate was preferred in further presentations. Results for pine stands after 20 years indicated a nonsignificant loss of 5% with confidence limits (p = 0.05) of ±6–7%, while the spruce stands showed a significant growth loss of 11% with confidence limits of ±4–5% after 25 years. The difference between the species in relative growth effects was significant, and amounted to 8% for a cumulative 20-year period. No indications of trends in response were found during a 20-year period in pine and a 25-year period in spruce. An analysis of growth effects in the first years showed that basal area increment in spruce was significantly reduced already in the first growing season after thinning.
Forfattere
Ragnar Johnson Mika Mustonen Tomas Lundmark Annika Nordin Yuri Gerasimov Aksel Granhus Eugene Hendrick Jari Hyninen Vivian Kvist Johannesen Adam Kaliszewski Virginijus Miksis Thomas Nord-Larsen Heino Polley Liana Sadauskiene Pat Snowdon Birger Solberg Erik Sollander Arnor Snorrason Mati Valgepea Sheila Ward Toms ZalitisSammendrag
Forests will play a crucial role in the transformation from an economy based on fossil fuels to one relying on renewable resources. Hence, besides being a source of raw material for the forest industry, in the future, forests are expected to increasingly contribute to the production of energy as well as providing a wide range of environmental and social services. Thus, the objective of the present study is to assess the short-term and long-term potential for increasing sustainable wood supply in the EFINORD countries. Present practices and prospects for intensive forest management have been assessed using information from a questionnaire complemented by compilation and evaluating of national forest inventory (NFI) data and other forest sector relevant information. The study indicates a striking variation in the intensity of utilisation of the wood resources within the EFINORD region. For the region as a whole, there seems to be a substantial unused (biophysical) potential. However, recent NFI data from some countries indicate that annual felling rates can be underestimated. If felling rates are higher than currently recognised then, given the increased demand for wood-based energy, there appears to be a need to discuss strategies for large-scale implementation of more intensive forestry practices to ensure that the availability of wood resources in the future can meet an increasing demand in the EFINORD countries.
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