Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
The aliphatic biopolyesters cutins and suberins have been suggested to significantly contribute to the stable pool of soil organic matter (SOM), and to be tracers for the above- or belowground origin of plant material. Contrary to other plant-derived aliphatic molecules found in the lipid fraction of soils, the stable isotope derived estimates of turnover of cutins and suberins have never been studied in soils. The aim of this study was to analyse the dynamics of shoot- and root-derived biomarkers in soils using a wheat and maize (C3/C4) chronosequence, where changes in the natural 13C abundance can be used to evaluate the incorporation of new carbon into SOM at the molecular level. The relative distribution of aliphatic monomers in wheat and maize roots and shoots suggested that a,u-alkanedioic acids can be considered as root-specific markers and mid-chain hydroxy acids as shoot-specific markers. The contrasting distribution of the plant-specific monomers in plants and soils might be explained by different chemical mechanisms leading to selective degradation or stabilization of some biomarkers. The changes of the 13C isotopic signatures of these markers with years of maize cropping after wheat evidenced their contrasted behaviour in soil. After 12 years of maize cropping, shoot markers present in soil samples probably originated from old C3 vegetation suggesting that new maize cutin added to soils was mostly degraded within a year. The reasons for long-term stabilization of shoot biomarkers remain unclear. By contrast, maize root markers were highly incorporated into SOM during the first six years of maize crop, which suggested a selective preservation of root biomass when compared to shoots, possibly due to physical protection.
Forfattere
Vicki Stone Bernd Nowack Anders Baun Nico van den Brink Frank von der Kammer Maria Dusinska Richard Handy Steven Hankin Martin Hassellöv Erik J. Joner Teresa FernandesSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Daniel RasseSammendrag
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Sammendrag
In terrestrial ecotoxicology there is a serious lack of data for potential hazards posed by engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). This is partly due to complex interactions between ENPs and the soil matrix, but also to the lack of suitable toxicological end points in organisms that are exposed to ENPs in a relevant manner. Earthworms are key organisms in terrestrial ecosystems, but so far only physiological end points of low sensitivity have been used in ecotoxicity studies with ENPs. We exposed the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris to silver nanoparticles and measured their impact on apoptosis in different tissues. Increased apoptotic activity was detected in a range of tissues both at acute and sublethal concentrations (down to 4 mg/kg soil). Comparing exposure in water and soil showed reduced bioavailability in soil reflected in the apoptotic response. Apoptosis appears to be a sensitive end point and potentially a powerful tool for quantifying environmental hazards of ENPs.
Forfattere
Margareth S Torn M W I Schmidt S Abiven T Dittmar G Guggenberger I A Janssen M Kleber I Kögler-Knaber J Lehmann D A C Manning P Nannipieri Daniel Rasse S E Trumbore S WeinerSammendrag
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Forfattere
M. A. Alexis C. Rumpel H. Knicker J. Leifeld Daniel Rasse N. Péchot G. Bardoux A. MariottiSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Reduksjon i tap av næringsstoffer til miljøet er et viktig mål for økologisk landbruk. Et mål om kretsløp tilpasset lokale forhold med minst mulig import av gjødsel og fôr gjør det sannsynlig at overskuddet av næringsstoffer er mindre i et økologisk driftssystem sammenlignet med et konvensjonelt. Økologisk landbruk er en definert produksjonsmetode som det er fastsatt detaljerte krav til.
Sammendrag
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