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NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2019

Sammendrag

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Changes in the hydrological cycle affect C-cycle turnover, with potential effects on the global C balance’s response to global change. However, large scale model representations of the sensitivity of soil carbon to soil moisture, through decomposition and interactions with nutrient cycles, are largely empirical to semi-empirical and uncertain. To better represent these dynamics, the aims of this PhD project* are to: • Investigate the role of soil moisture on SOC decomposition over a vertical profile; • Assess which moisture controls are (most) important in a multi-layered, mechanistic soil biogeochemistry model, the Jena Soil Model (JSM, Fig 2); • Update and improve the representations of soil moisture dynamics in JSM and evaluate this model for multiple sites along a moisture gradient and global scale.

Sammendrag

The Jena Soil Model (JSM) is a multi-layer mechanistic soil biogeochemistry model with explicit representations of vertical transport, mineral sorption, and microbial control on decomposition rates. Reaction rates are further modified by temperature and moisture. While temperature determines the maximum reaction velocity (Vmax), moisture reduces this rate nonlinearly if either the diffusion of substrate is restricted (at low soil moisture) or oxygen availability for microbes is limited (at wet conditions). This moisture control on soil organic matter formation and decomposition is represented with the Dual Arrhenius Michaelis-Menten (DAMM) model concept (Davidson et al. 2012) and influences the reaction rates of microbial depolymerisation of litter and microbial residue pools as well as DOC (dissolved organic matter) uptake. Sorption of DOM and microbial residues to mineral surfaces is moisture dependent through a Langmuir sorption approach. We will validate the carbon cycle representation of moisture control on soil organic matter decomposition in JSM by comparing simulations with measured carbon stocks and respiration rates from different ecosystems ranging from boreal upland forests and wetlands to Mediterranean savannas. The modular structure of JSM will allow us to investigate the effect of moisture control on each decomposition step (depolymerisation, microbial uptake and growth, and OC sorption) separately.

Til dokument

Sammendrag

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

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Sammendrag

Denne rapporten er basert på Landsskogtakseringens registreringer av vind- og snøskader i Sør-Norge i perioden 2005-2015, samt en case-studie hos Mathiesen Eidvol Værk for skader etter Dagmar-stormen. Med statistiske analyser har vi forsøkt å forklare variasjoner i skadeomfang ut fra (1) skoglige, (2) topografiske, (3) jordbunnsmessige, og (4) meteorologiske forhold. Omfanget av snø- og vindskader i Landsskogtakseringens data var lavt, - dels ved at omkring 90% av flatene ikke hadde noen skader i løpet av den 15-års perioden vi har sett på, verken på selve prøveflata eller på bestandet som flata lå i. Dels var skadene svake ved at en overveiende andel av dem rammet under 5% av stående volum. Det var videre en stor andel av skadene som rammet småtrær og løvtrær, ofte i blandingsskog, og i mange tilfeller trolig trær som var revet ned av større rotvelter. Disse småtrærne og løvtrærne har mindre relevans for det praktiske skogbruk, og vi har forsøkt å redusere betydningen av dem ved å fokusere på sterkere skader og på skader som har rammet hele skogbestandet som den enkelte prøveflata i Landsskogtakseringen lå i. Skadene var mest utbredt på Vestlandet, men generelt ganske jevnt fordelt mellom landsdelene i Sør-Norge....