Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Forfattere
Klaus Mittenzwei Wendy Fjellstad Wenche Dramstad Ola Flaten Arnt Kristian Gjertsen Maria L. Loureiro Sjur Spildo PrestegardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
2006
Sammendrag
Utmark har lenge vore og er viktig for mange gardsbruk. Skogen gir tømmer og ved til sal og eige bruk. I tillegg betyr jakt og fiske mykje for mange. Mange husdyr beiter i utmarka. I eldre tider var utmarka ein viktig ressurs for å skaffe vinterfôr (utslått, lauv, beit, skav, mose m.m.). Dei seinare åra har det vorte lagt større vekt på andre verdiar ved utmarka enn mat og tømmer, m.a. rekreasjon, kulturlandskap og artsmangfald (biodiversitet). Verdien av rekreasjon i utmarka er utan tvil stor, men det kan vere svært utfordrande å få fram sikre tal for verdien av kulturlandskap og biodiversitet som fylgjer av beitinga i utmark. Dette notatet fokuserer på utmarksbeite for husdyr. Formålet med notatet er å svare på følgjande spørsmål: • Kor mange husdyr av ymse slag beiter i utmark? • Kor mykje fôr tek desse dyra opp på utmarksbeite? • Kva er verdien av dette fôret? • Kor stor er arbeidsinnsatsen i beitebaserte næringar? […]
Forfattere
Odd-Arild FinnesSammendrag
Det er mulig å bruke grovkuttet flis av lokalt virke som underlag for husdyr både innendørs og utendørs.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Agricultural policy has in the last 50 years taken much of the risk and the initiative away from Norwegian farm forest owners. Subsidies in agriculture have guaranteed an acceptable income and there has been neither need nor incentives for starting up new activities at the farms. This situation is now gradually changing. The income both from agriculture and forestry is decreasing and farm forest owners have either to move, to find job opportunities outside the farm or to start up new activity at the farm using the farm's resources. Entrepreneurship theory is used to study the question why some farm forest owners choose to start up some new activity based on the forest resources they have. We identify two main elements of entrepreneurship; the ability to recognise business opportunities and the ability to take calculated risk. In a survey to 500 forest owners in southern Norway (response rate 45%), we included questions about opportunity recognition and risk aversion. From the answers, we were able to split the forest owners in two groups, those with entrepreneurial attitudes and those without. Using logistic regression we found a significantly higher probability for start-up of new activities in the group with entrepreneurial attitudes. This result has very interesting policy implications. Many studies show that entrepreneurial attitudes to a large degree can be learnt. The first way of learning about entrepreneurship is through the education system and through courses and training of forest owners. The other way is 'learning by doing', which is most probably the most efficient way to learn about entrepreneurship. Public policy should stimulate more owners to 'do', by that they will 'learn' and that will again lead to more entrepreneurial activities at the holdings. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Forfattere
Gerhard Weiss Suzanne Martin Anne Matilainen Birger Vennesland Carmen Nastase Erlend Nybakk Laura BouriaudSammendrag
The article investigates innovation processes in the field of recreational services of forests. It takes a close look on innovation cases from five European countries with different institutional backgrounds in terms of forest ownership and access rights to forest land. The analysis first of all shows that forest related recreation services are developed in different institutional conditions and on public as well as private land. Financing is provided from public and private sources. Ideas may come from within and outside the forestry sector, however, impulses from outside seems to be of primary importance. In sum it can be said that both public and private spheres have important roles in providing natural, financial and human resources and usually a network of public and private actors are involved in innovation processes. Of particular importance are cross-sectoral interactions between forestry and tourism. A greater institutional support is needed for the development of forest related recreation services as the field is at the beginning of its development. Support should focus on providing ideas and financial resources for product development and on facilitating cross-sectoral interaction between forestry and tourism actors. A particular need is seen to develop models for durable interaction between land-owners and tourism operators on a regional scale.
Forfattere
Birger VenneslandSammendrag
During the 1980s and the 1990s the tourism development in general increased rapidly. The term innovation has been used to describe this development. But how well can we adapt the traditional industrial understanding of innovation in the service sector? Especially it seems as we have to extend our understanding of innovation when comes to the development of nature based tourism. There is a need to discuss various definitions of innovation and look at a framework of understanding that distinguishes between various definitions of innovation in the service sector.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The paper analyses and discusses possible impacts on Norwegian agriculture of an EU membership based on the regionalized agricultural sector model CAPRI. Norwegian agriculture is characterized by a small-scale farming structure and high levels of support. Previous analyses have shown that Norwegian agriculture is expected to undergo dramatic changes because of EU membership in terms of farm income, production and structural change. Our study indicates that a substantial share of the agricultural production can be maintained at the national level. Milk and crop production may remain largely unaffected, while meat production decreases in the range of 10–20% compared to a reference run without membership. However, a reduction in total farm income by about 40% indicates that structural adjustments will follow EU accession. The results are discussed in view of the pattern of adjustments observed in Finland and Austria after EU accession in 1995. The need for the dairy industry to take advantage of the improved market access is stressed. Attention is also called to some strengths and limitations of the CAPRI model to analyse large-scale policy changes and to identify model improvements as an area of future research.
Forfattere
Agnar HegrenesSammendrag
Denne utgreiinga er utført på oppdrag frå Mattilsynet. Formålet med utgreiinga har vore (1) å estimere investerings- og driftskostnader ved nybygg av bursystem og lausdriftssystem for verpehøns, og (2) å estimere kostnader ved at eksisterande burdriftssystem må takast ut av bruk tidlegare enn dei ville ha blitt utan eit påbod om overgang til lausdrift. […]