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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2006

Sammendrag

Neozygites floridana is a fungus in the order Entomophthorales that infects and kills the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. In a study conducted in Norwegian strawberry fields, N. floridana infected and killed T. urticae in all 12 fields studied. Infections up to 90% were registered, and the highest infection levels were observed late in the season. The infection levels throughout a season varied considerably. To evaluate factors that might be important for conservational biological control, the effect of pesticides used in strawberries on the N. floridana infection level were also studied. The pesticides tested were three fungicides; Euparen (tolylfluanid), Teldor (fenhexamid), Switch (cyprodinil +fludioxonil) and one acaricide: Mesurol (mercaptodimethur). The experiment indicates that Euparen and Switch do not affect the N. floridana killing capacity, but both Teldor and Mesurol do. Methods for the production and storage of N. floridana infected T. urticae cadavers for inoculative/ inundative biological control in strawberries were established in our laboratory and are presented briefly in this paper. Similar methods might be adapted for the inoculative/ inundative biological control of T. urticae in for example greenhouse crops.

Sammendrag

The use of entomopathogenic nematodes against the vine weevil Otiorynchus sulcatus was studied under field conditions. A number of field trials were conducted using two commercial products of EPN, Nemasys H (Heterorhabditis megidis) and Nemasys L (Steinernema kraussei). The results from these trials indicate that low temperature is still a limiting factor for the successful use of EPN against O. sulcatus in Northern Europe. Furthermore it was observed that application methods of EPN in field grown strawberries requires improvement.

Sammendrag

Snegler er mange hageeiers store fortvilelse. Har du først fått brunsnegl (iberiaskogsneglen) i hagen, spiser den det meste. Foreløpig er det ikke mulig å utrydde den, men starter du sneglekrigen tidlig er det mulig å begrense antallet.

Sammendrag

Insekter og -midd kan angripe og gjøre stor skade på planter som dyrkes inne- og utendørs, og det er ofte nødvendig med tiltak for å bli kvitt skadedyrene. Alle som vil kjøpe eller bruke kjemiske plantevernmidler må ha gyldig autorisasjonsbevis, men dette gjelder ikke for preparater med nyttedyr eller for kjemiske hobbypreparater merket med "Tillatt brukt i småhager". Per i dag er det godkjent 14 kjemiske hobbypreparater mot ulike skadedyr på planter inne- og utendørs. Det finnes også hobbypakninger med nyttedyr beregnet mot skadedyr på planter innendørs.

Sammendrag

Det har lenge vært mistanke om pyretroidresistens i enkelte populasjoner av jordbærsnutebille. Bioforsk har funnet kdr-mutasjonen (knock-down resistance) i 2 av 8 prøver samlet inn i 2004.  Begge de to prøvene kom fra jordbærfelt der dyrkerne i flere år har meldt om liten virkning av sprøyting. For tiden har ikke dyrkerne noen andre sprøytemidler enn pyretroider å bruke mot jordbærsnutebille.

Sammendrag

Plant volatiles mediate host finding in insect herbivores and lead to host fidelity and habitat-specific mating, generating premating reproductive isolation and facilitating sympatric divergence. The apple fruit moth, Argyresthia conjugella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Argyresthiidae), is a particularly suitable species to study the cues and behavioural mechanisms leading to colonization of a new host: it recurrently oviposits on the non-host plant, apple Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae), where the larvae cannot complete their development. The larval host of the apple fruit moth (Lepidoptera, Argyresthiidae), is rowan Sorbus aucuparia L. (Rosaceae). Fruit setting in rowan, however, fluctuates strongly over large areas in Scandinavia. Every 2"4 years, when too few rowanberries are available for egg laying in forests, apple fruit moth females oviposit instead on apple in nearby orchards, but not on other fruits, such as pear or plum. This poses the question of which cues mediate attraction to rowan and apple, and how apple fruit moth discriminates rowan from apple. Chemical analysis and antennal recordings showed that 11 out of 15 rowan volatiles eliciting an antennal response in A. conjugella females co-occur in rowan and apple headspace, in a different proportion. In the field, A. conjugella was attracted to several of these plant volatiles, especially to 2-phenyl ethanol, methyl salicylate, and decanal. Addition of anethole to 2-phenyl ethanol had a strong synergistic effect, the 1 : 1 blend is a powerful attractant for A. conjugella males and females. These results confirm that volatiles common to both plants may account for a host switch in  A. conjugella from rowan to apple. Some of the most attractive compounds, including 2-phenyl ethanol, anethole, and decanal, which have been found in several apple cultivars, were not present in the headspace of the apple cultivar, Aroma, which is also susceptible to attack by A. conjugella . This supports the idea that the odour signal from apple is suboptimal for attraction of A. conjugella , but is nonetheless sufficient for attraction, during times when rowan is not available for egg laying.

Sammendrag

I 2005 blei det utført forsøk for å evaluere utgåva av VIPS-Ugras som vi har utarbeidd for vårsprøyting mot ugras i haustkorn. Tre norske prototypar av det danske systemet Plantevern Online (Rydahl 2003) blei testa i til saman 9 feltforsøk. I dei tre prototypane blei høgt, medium og lågt effektkrav lagt til grunn.