Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
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Et bokkapittel som gir en oversikt over hvilke forskjellige faktorer som kan påvirke nyttedyr som lever i jord. Nyttedyrene som omtales er insektpatogene sopp og insekt parasittære nematoder. Det blir gitt noen eksempler på hvordan jord er brukt som et reservoar for nyttedyr, med henblikk på bekjempelse av skadeinsekter eller midd.
Forfattere
Richard MeadowSammendrag
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Forfattere
Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
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Forfattere
Trond HofsvangSammendrag
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Forfattere
Linda Gordon Hjeljord Richard Meadow Annette Folkedal SchjøllSammendrag
Experiments were performed to determine the ability of the insect pathogenic hyphomycete, Metarhizium anisopliae, to germinate, grow and sporulate in the presence of Trichoderma atroviride. Trichoderma spp. includes mycoparasites commonly found in soil and used in biocontrol of plant diseases. When conidia of M. anisopliae and T. atroviride were coinoculated on agar media, T. atroviride overgrew M. anisopliae and prevented its establishment at temperatures from 6-30 oC. This effect was lessened when M. anisopliae and T. atroviride were inoculated at different points on the medium, giving the insect pathogen time to establish a colony and secrete antifungal metabolites. Although both fungi had growth optima at 25-30 oC, separately inoculated M. anisopliae was best able to compete with T. atroviride at temperatures " 18 oC, and the antibiosis zone was widest at 30oC. When M. anisopliae and T. atroviride were coinoculated onto black vine weevil larvae (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) at 20 oC, the ability of the insect pathogen to infect and kill the larvae and sporulate on the cadavers was not affected by the presence of T. atroviride conidia. These results indicate that while the virulence of M. anisopliae to the larvae was not reduced by T. atroviride, the ability of the insect pathogen to grow saprophytically and increase its inoculum could be reduced on substrates containing T. atroviride conidia.
Forfattere
Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
The black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) is an important pest in many crops in several countries worldwide. The adults feed on the leaves of strawberries, rhododendrons, azaleas and many other ornamental plants. Indoors, O. sulcatus can infest begonias, ferns, cyclamins, and other common container plants. Adult feeding does not seriously affect the plants, it is the larval feeding on roots of host plants that causes the most serious plant injury. Larvae may also girdle the main stem below the soil line. Leaves will yellow and plants may be stunted or die. O. sulcatus weevils are difficult to control once established because of their nocturnal behaviour and the subterranean habits of the larvae. In strawberries chemical control using a pesticide against the adult weevils after harvest is the most common control method today, however the most effective pesticides will shortly no longer be available and there are few alternative pesticides on the market. Fortunately there are Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) that can be used to control the soil dwelling larvae and in Europe there are several products on the market comprising three species (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. megidis, and Steinernema kraussei). The use of these nematodes has shown to be quite successful in potted plants (in nurseries), whereas in field grown crops such as strawberry they are still not consistently effective. In this presentation results from a number of field trials using H. megidis and S. kraussei against O. sulcatus larvae infesting field grown strawberry will be presented and discussed.