Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Peatland drainage results in several environmental impacts such as release of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere and leaching of nutrients to watercourses. These hazardous environmental effects can partly be controlled with soil management, and different drainage and remediation practices. Grading is a new method developed for soils with low conductivity suffering from poor drainage, water logging and ice. The soil surface is graded towards the ditch to increase surface runoff and drainage. The present study compares environmental effects of peatland grading compared to traditional intense pipe drainage. Detailed measurements of hydrology, climate, leaching and gas emissions were carried out at adjacent drainage areas with grass cultivation. Additional measurements were made at plots that were abandoned, cultivated with perennial crops, and remained as pristine peatlands. The results show that the leaching of nutrients is highest from pipe drainage. Climate gas emission was considerably higher at all managed sites than from the reference pristine site. Drainage, soil hydrology and soil nutrient status seemed to control gas emissions. The gas emissions were higher than assumed for Norwegian cold conditions. The results confirm observations made on peat soils in other climatic regions. The highest emissions of CO2 was observed when the soil temperature was high and groundwater table low. The N2O emission showed a large variation with no clear pattern. However, at some locations it peaked after a dry period when NO3-N was leached. More CH4 was emitted from the intensively drained site than the graded site, but more CO2 was emitted from the graded site. The difference in leaching and emission properties is partly due to differences in near surface hydrology. At grade sites, a faster runoff response to rainfall occur probably due to shallow throughfall or overland flow which provides better drainage. Also, the graded site was prepared recently, and this can have exposed fresh peat for decay. Therefore the drainage history must be well known in peatland studies as peat change in time due to drainage and cultivation. Abandoned peat field continue to leach greenhouse gases in a same way as cultivated sites.
Sammendrag
Transport and turnover of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is important in the C cycle of organic soils. The concentration of DOC in soil water is buffered by adsorption to the soil matrix, and has been hypothesized to depend on the pool size of adsorbed DOC. We have studied the effect of frequent artificial excessive leaching events on concentration and flux of DOC in shallow, organic rich mountain soils. Assuming a constant Kd value for DOC adsorption to the soil matrix, we used these data to assess the change in the pool of adsorbed (or potential) DOC in the soil. The study involved manipulation of precipitation amount and frequency in summer and autumn in small, heathland catchments at Storgama, southern Norway. The shallow soils (16-34 cm deep on average) limit the possibility for changes in water flow paths during events. The mini-catchments range in size from 75 to 98 m(2). Our data show that after leaching of about 1.2 g DOC m(-2) the DOC concentration in runoff declines by approximately 50%. From this we conclude that the pool size of adsorbed potential DOC in the shallow soils at any time is of the order 2-3 g m(-2). Frequent episodes suggest that the replenishment rate, which depends on the decomposition rate of soil organic matter, is fast and the potential DOC pool could be fully restored probably within days during summer, but with some more time required in autumn, due to lower temperatures. Both pool size of potential DOC and replenishment rate are seasonally dependent. The pool of potential DOC, and thus the DOC concentration in discharge, is at their maximum in the growing season. However, under non-leaching conditions, the concentration of DOC in soil water and thus the pool size of potential DOC seems to level off, possibly due to conversion of DOC to less reversibly bound forms, or to further decomposition to CO2.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Adam ParuchSammendrag
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Forfattere
Adam ParuchSammendrag
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Forfattere
Eva Skarbøvik Lars Gjemlestad Svein Jakob Saltveit Ståle Haaland Trond Bremnes Henning PavelsSammendrag
Bioforsk og LFI har på oppdrag fra Statens Vegvesen overvåket elvene Fura, Vingerjessa og Terninga i forbindelse med at det planlegges ny Riksvei 3 mellom Løten og Elverum. Vannkjemi, bunndyr, fisk, og bunnsediment (kjemi og kornfordeling) er undersøkt. Vannforekomstene oppnår i dag ikke god tilstand, hovedsakelig pga. for høye verdier av næringsstoffer og enkelte tungmetaller. Undersøkelsene gir stort sett et godt grunnlag for vurdering av nåtilstand, dvs. før ny vei anlegges, men det anbefales at vannkjemi undersøkes bedre, enten ved mer frekvente målinger av utvalgte parametre eller ved å sette opp automatisk overvåking med sensorer.
Sammendrag
På oppdrag for Vannområdeutvalget for Morsa har Bioforsk og NIVA i perioden fra oktober 2008 til oktober 2009 utført overvåking av Vansjø og dens tilførselselver/-bekker, samt seks andre innsjøer i nedbørfeltet. Undersøkelsene er finansiert av Klima- og forurensingsdirektoratet (Klif).
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Rapporten gir resultater fra overvåkingen av Vansjø, seks innsjøer oppstrøms i nedbørfeltet, tilførselselver og – bekker, samt Mossesundet i perioden 16. oktober 2008 – 15. oktober 2009. I alt ble 19 elve-/bekkestasjoner, 13 innsjøstasjoner og én kyststasjon prøvetatt og analysert for parametre knyttet til eutrofi (næringsstoffer, partikler, tarmbakterier, m.m.). Rapporten inneholder oversikter over gjennomsnittskonsentrasjoner i bekker, elver og innsjøer, tilførselsberegninger til Vansjø, samt trendanalyser for de stasjoner hvor det finnes data tilbake i tid. Et fosforbudsjett er også beregnet for vassdraget. Det er utarbeidet et temaark som oppsummerer undersøkelsene; dette er lagt inn bakerst i rapporten som et utvidet sammendrag.