Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2022
Authors
Mette Goul Thomsen Anne-Kristin Løes Randi Seljåsen Tatiana Francischinelli Rittl Kari BysveenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Yeqing Li Zhangmu Jing Junting Pan Gang Luo Lu Feng Hao Jiang Hongjun Zhou Quan Xu Yanjuan Lu Hongbin LiuAbstract
Due to the diversity of microbiota and the high complexity of their interactions that mediate biogas production, a detailed understanding of the microbiota is essential for the overall stability and performance of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. This study evaluated the microbial taxonomy, metabolism, function, and genetic differences in 14 full-scale biogas reactors and laboratory reactors operating under various conditions in China. This is the first known study of the microbial ecology of AD at food waste (FW) at a regional scale based on multi-omics (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, and proteomics). Temperature significantly affected the bacterial and archaeal community structure (R2 = 0.996, P = 0.001; R2 = 0.846, P < 0.002) and total inorganic carbon(TIC) slightly changed the microbial structure (R2 = 0.532, P = 0.005; R2 = 0.349, P = 0.016). The Wood-Ljungdahl coupled with hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathways were dominant in the thermophilic reactors, where the acs, metF, cooA, mer, mch and ftr genes were 10.1-, 2.8-, 16.2-, 1.74-, 4.15-, 1.04-folds of the mesophilic reactors (P < 0.01). However, acetoclastic and methylotrophic methanogenesis was the primary pathway in the mesophilic reactors, where the ackA, pta, cdh and mta genes were 2.2-, 3.2-, 14.3-, 1.88-folds of the thermophilic group (P < 0.01). Finally, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was applied to explain the cause of the temperature affecting AD microbial activities. The findings have deepened the understanding of the effect of temperature on AD microbial ecosystems and are expected to guide the construction and management of full-scale FW biogas plants.
Authors
Pedro Caldas Britto Dirk Jaeger Stephan Hoffmann Renato Cesar Goncalves Robert Alexander Christian Vibrans Alfredo Celso FantiniAbstract
No abstract has been registered
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No abstract has been registered
Authors
Heidi Udnes Aamot Simeon Rossmann Erik Lysøe Guro Brodal Birgitte Henriksen Ruth Dill-Macky Carl Gunnar Fossdal Ingerd Skow HofgaardAbstract
We used metabarcoding of ITS 1 and 2 to compare the mycobiome of Norwegian spring wheat seed lots of two commonly grown spring wheat varieties (Mirakel and Zebra) harvested in 2016 and 2017. The seed lots varied in germination and were grouped according to high and low germination (≥90% and <90% germinated seeds, respectively) determined by the ISTA germination method. In addition, the percentage of each seed lot infested by the most important wheat pathogens (Microdochium spp., Fusarium spp., and Parastagonospora nodorum) was determined using a plate-out test on PDA, and species-specific qPCR was used to quantify the amount of DNA of F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, M. majus, M. nivale, and P. nodorum. Our study indicated that the presence of Microdochium was most associated with poor germination (which is as expected), while P. nodorum; although present at relatively high levels, apparently had limited impact on germination. Among the species quantified by qPCR, M. majus was the most abundant, F. avenaceum was detected at low levels, whereas the other fusaria were barely detected. Metabarcoding data indicated a negative association between the presence of the fungal genus Neoascochyta and germination, while Pyrenophora and Alternaria species appeared positively associated with germination. Our results indicated some co-existence patterns between fungal species, including both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species, with some species combinations associated with the germination potential of wheat seed.
Authors
Volkmar TimmermannAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Joyce Machado Nunes Romeiro Tron Haakon Eid Clara Antón Fernández Annika Kangas Erik TrømborgAbstract
It is expected that European Boreal and Temperate forests will be greatly affected by climate change, causing natural disturbances to increase in frequency and severity. To detangle how, through forest management, we can make forests less vulnerable to the impact of natural disturbances, we need to include the risks of such disturbances in our decision-making tools. The present review investigates: i) how the most important forestry-related natural disturbances are linked to climate change, and ii) different modelling approaches that assess the risks of natural disturbances and their applicability for large-scale forest management planning. Global warming will decrease frozen soil periods, which increases root rot, snow, ice and wind damage, cascading into an increment of bark beetle damage. Central Europe will experience a decrease in precipitation and increase in temperature, which lowers tree defenses against bark beetles and increases root rot infestations. Ice and wet snow damages are expected to increase in Northern Boreal forests, and to reduce in Temperate and Southern Boreal forests. However, lack of snow cover may increase cases of frost-damaged seedlings. The increased temperatures and drought periods, together with a fuel increment from other disturbances, likely enhance wildfire risk, especially for Temperate forests. For the review of European modelling approaches, thirty-nine disturbance models were assessed and categorized according to their required input variables and to the models’ outputs. Probability models are usually common for all disturbance model approaches, however, models that predict disturbance effects seem to be scarce.
Authors
Markus A. K. Sydenham Zander Venter Stein Ragnar Moe Katrine Eldegard M. Kuhlmann Trond Reitan C. Rasmussen R. Paxton Yoko L. Dupont Astrid Brekke Skrindo Stein Joar Hegland Anders Nielsen J.M. Olesen Megan Sara Nowell Graciela RuschAbstract
Understanding how niche-based and neutral processes contribute to the spatial varia-tion in plant–pollinator interactions is central to designing effective pollination con-servation schemes. Such schemes are needed to reverse declines of wild bees and other pollinating insects, and to promote pollination services to wild and cultivated plants. We used data on wild bee interactions with plants belonging to the four tribes Loteae, Trifolieae, Anthemideae and either spring- or summer-flowering Cichorieae, sampled systematically along a 682 km latitudinal gradient to build models that allowed us to 1) predict occurrences of pairwise bee–flower interactions across 115 sampling locations, and 2) estimate the contribution of variables hypothesized to be related to niche-based assembly structuring processes (viz. annual mean temperature, landscape diversity, bee sociality, bee phenology and flower preferences of bees) and neutral processes (viz. regional commonness and dispersal distance to conspecifics). While neutral processes were important predictors of plant–pollinator distributions, niche-based processes were reflected in the contrasting distributions of solitary bee and bumble bees along the temperature gradient, and in the influence of bee flower preferences on the distri-bution of bee species across plant types. In particular, bee flower preferences separated bees into three main groups, albeit with some overlap: visitors to spring-flowering Cichorieae; visitors to Anthemideae and summer-flowering Cichorieae; and visitors to Trifolieae and Loteae. Our findings suggest that both neutral and niche-based pro-cesses are significant contributors to the spatial distribution of plant–pollinator inter-actions so that conservation actions in our region should be directed towards areas: Page 2 of 11near high concentrations of known occurrences of regionally rare bees; in mild climatic conditions; and that are surrounded by heterogenous landscapes. Given the observed niche-based differences, the proportion of functionally distinct plants in flower-mixes could be chosen to target bee species, or guilds, of conservation concern. Keywords: ecological networks, machine learning, plant–pollinator interactions, spatial, wild bees
Abstract
Increased interest in plant-based food in Norway is creating a demand for more locally produced raw material. In addition, the feed industry has the goal to reduce its dependency on imported protein and use more nationally produced plant proteins. In a preliminary research project funded by the Research funding for the Agriculture and the Food industry (FFL/JA) we are investigating the potential for cultivating quinoa, buckwheat, lentils, chickpea, lupin and soya in Southern Norway. While some of these crops have been grown on a very small scale, we lack knowledge about cultivation under Norwegian conditions. These six crops can be cultivated with the same equipment as cereals; thus, they represent interesting candidates to be included in a cereal rotation. Two fields were established in Agder and Innlandet in spring 2021. Two cultivars of each crop, selected for their earliness, were sowed at two different sowing dates between 24th April and 21st May. Soya was sown only once. Pesticides and herbicides were not applied in the trials. Growth stages were recorded every week. A demonstration field was sown in Vestfold with one sowing date per crop between 23rd April and 1st June. All of the crops were harvested between 25th August and 4th November in Agder. The trial in Innlandet was harvested between 15th September and 27th October. However, chickpeas and one cultivar of soya were not ripe in November and were not harvested. The field in Vestfold was harvested between 1st September and 2nd December (after swathing for the latest). Weeds and length of the growing season were the two main challenging parameters impacting yields in 2021. Quinoa was most affected by weeds while chickpeas and soya could not be harvested in all three locations. Both lentils, buckwheat and lupin showed a potential in the three regions in 2021, while soya could be a candidate in the most southern area. Similar field trials are repeated in 2022.