Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
The objective was to evaluate whether Lowry-impregnation of Scots pine with FA100-mix, instead of the FA40-mix, would lead to similar or slightly higher WPGs and to investigate any potential changes in penetration pattern. The results indicate that the penetration was better, also penetrating the outer zone of the heartwood. Furthermore, it was possible to reduce the WPG-levels for pine down to 50-70% (corresponding to PFA retentions of 260- 315 kg/m³) from 120% (approx. 550 kg/m³) with full-cell impregnation using FA100-mix. Using the Lowry process with FA100-mix would probably be a possible treating schedule for products aimed for use in ground contact. The reduced content of hygroscopic salts in the furfurylated wood product would also further reduce hygroscopisity compared with FA-40 mix. However, more trials are needed in order to optimize penetration while still keeping the final WPG low.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Arild Andersen Rolf Skuterud Gunvald Henning JonassenSammendrag
The application of insecticides and / or chemical growth regulators for the control of arthropod-induced silvertops (whitetops) and / or lodging in seed crops of common bent (syn. browntop, US: colonial bentgrass, Agrostis capillaris L. syn. A.tenuis Sibth.) `Leikvin" was investigated in twelve on-farm trials laid out according to five different experimental plans in SE Norway from 1993 through 1997. Seed yields on plots sprayed with insecticides were significantly higher than on unsprayed control plots in three out of nine trials, however, these seed yield increases were poorly correlated with silvertop frequencies which varied from 1 to 60% on untreated plots. Differences between various insecticides (two pyretroids and one organophosphorous compound) and single versus split applications were mostly not significant. While seed yields on plots sprayed with ethephone ("Cerone", 0.5 kg a.i. ha-1) were not significantly different from those on unsprayed control plots, chlormequat chloride ("CCC 750", 1.0 or 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 plus surfactant) minimised lodging and increased seed yield by 21% on average for five trials. When chlormequat chloride and the pyretroid alphacypermethrin were combined in a tank mixture including surfactant at Z 31-32, the effects of the two products were mostly additive. Based on these results, the application of the growth regulator chlormequat chloride (1.0 kg a.i. ha-1) is now recommended in Norwegian seed production of common bent. Although the effects of insecticides were often not significant, seed growers are further advised to add an insecticide (e.g. alphacypermethrin, 150 g a.i. ha-1) to the growth regulator as a precaution against silvertops, which otherwise seem to strike quite randomly in seed production of common bent.
Sammendrag
We present results from early tests and field trials of offspring from two Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards containing clones that have been transferred from high altitudes to sea level and from northern to southern latitudes. Seedlings from seeds produced in the low-altitude seed orchard developed frost hardiness later at the end of the growth season, flushed later in field trials, and grew taller than seedlings from seeds produced in natural stands. They had the lowest mortality rate and the lowest frequency of injuries in the field trials. Similar results were observed in seedlings from seeds produced in the southern seed orchard. We found no adverse effects of the changed growth rhythm. Seedlings from two seed crops in the southern orchard, produced in years with a warm and a cold summer, had different annual growth rhythms. The results are explained mainly by the effects of the climatic conditions during the reproductive phase. Seed crops from different years in the same seed orchard may produce seedlings that perform as if they were from different provenances. It is argued that the effects of the climatic conditions during seed production must contribute to the variation among provenances of Norway spruce.
Sammendrag
Vegetasjonskartet gir et bilde av den mosaikken av vegetasjonstyper som det naturlige plantedekket består av. En vegetasjonstype er en karakteristisk samling plantearter som går igjen på lokaliteter med like vokseforhold. En oversikt over utbredelsen av vegetasjonstyper gir oss på denne måten informasjon om variasjonen i økologiske forhold (klima, næring, og vann i jorda, snødekke og kulturpåvirkning) i et område. I tillegg kan hver vegetasjonstype tillegges egenskaper med hensyn til ulik ressursutnytting og arealbruk (beite, snødybde, artsmangfold m.m.). På oppdrag fra Lyngen kommune er det vegetasjonskartlagt et areal på 107 km² mellom Kvalvikelva og Koppangen. 57 km² av dette ligger under skoggrensa, resten er i fjellet. Kartlegginga er gjort etter Skog og landskap sin instruks for vegetasjonskartlegging i M 1:20 000 -50 000. Den viktigste målsettinga med prosjektet er å gi ei vurdering av beite for sau i kartleggingsområdet. Det er framstilt vegetasjonskart og avleda temakart over beite for sau. Kartleggingsområdet har et typisk fjord-/kystklima med kjølige, nedbørrike somrer og relativt milde, snørike vintre. Bergrunnen i området består av moderat til næringsrike bergarter. Løsmassedekket er varierende og består for det meste av morene, forvitringsmateriale og skredmateriale, med innslag av marine strandavsetninger ved Karnes. […]
Forfattere
Anna Arneberg Per Holm Nygaard Odd Egil Stabbetorp Bjarni D. Sigurdsson Edda Sigurdis OddsdóttirSammendrag
The aim of this study was to investigate variation in decomposition and vegetation due to afforestation. The ICEWOODS sites containing stands of different tree species and age in the western (Skorradalur) and eastern (Hallormsstaður) parts of Iceland were investigated during the summer of 2004. These stands were compared with treeless pastures. The planted stands represent chronosequences, i.e., different age classes within each tree species were studied. Decomposition was studied by a cotton strip assay. Cotton strip decomposition increased with incubation time and decreased with soil depth. The tree species can be ranked according to increasing decomposition in the following series: lodgepole pine < Sitka spruce< Siberian larch < mountain birch. In general, decomposition decreased with increasing age of the stands...
Sammendrag
Ecological studies are often confronted with short and fragmented or unevenly sampled time series. Examples are, e.g., time series of biogeochemical fluxes measured on a variety of scales. Characterizing the observed time series patterns, particularly the correlation structure is crucial for an integrated ecosystem assessment or possibly for improved processes understanding.
Forfattere
Oleg I. Shumilov Elena A. Kasatkina Paul E. Aspholm Natalia V. Lukina I. Yu. KirtsideliSammendrag
Records of growth rings in sub-arctic trees play an important role in reconstructing climate change in the past. Tree-ring chronologies collected from different parts of Arctic (Fennoscandia, Kola Peninsula and Northern Siberia) were investigated by spectral (MTM method) and wavelet analysis. Among them it was analyzed juniper tree ring chronology with extension more than 700 years (from about 1300 A.D. till 2004 A.D.) collected for the central part of Kola Peninsula (Keivy region: 67.77N; 36.52E). Results of spectral analysis allow us to select the main periods of solar variability (22-year, 30-33 year and 80-90-year solar cycles) in Kola and Fennoscandia tree-ring chronologies. Besides it was found that only periodicities of around 20 years are present in Siberian series. With respect to 11-year periodicity, which is the most prominent one in sunspot number spectrum (Schwabe cycle) it may be said that it hardly appeared in sub-arctic tree-ring records. It was obtained a rather good correlation between long-term climatic variation in Europe and at Kola Peninsula. The minima of solar activity during the Sporer (1416-1534 AD), Maunder (1645-1715 AD) and Dalton (1801-1816 AD) were accompanied by temperature decreases. The coldest conditions of the last 700 years in the Northern Europe were in the XVII century during the "Little Ice Age" period. It should be noted that the Kola Peninsula tree-ring chronologies analysed here did not show any extended growth at the end of the XX century. The result obtained give us information on local climate variations in the very important area influenced by Gulf Stream and Arctic ocean and located in the vicinity of the very important for whole Europe gas field at the shelf of Barents sea. The work was partially supported by the program "Biodiversity and dynamics of gene pool" of the Russian Academy and by RFBR grant N 05-04-97528.
Forfattere
Vegard Gundersen Haaken M. ChristensenSammendrag
Den amerikanske skogbrukeren Aldo Leopolds mest berømte sitat lyder som følger: `A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise`. Denne korte setningen har igangsatt en stor bevegelse i Nord-Amerika og i den vestlige verden som kan oversettes med `økologisk estetikk`. Det har i over 50 år vært en søken etter forvaltningsregler som kombinerer økologi og estetikk på en god måte. Leopold var opptatt av `vern gjennom bruk` og at forvaltningen måtte ta utgangspunkt i grunneiers kunnskap og interesse for å forvalte sin egen eiendom `best mulig` for økonomi, økologi og estetikk.
Forfattere
Ketil HaarstadSammendrag
Sigevann ved Teigen er analysert i alt 6 ganger i 2006, ved tidsproporsjonale blandprøver, samt stikkprøver med utvidet program. Det er tatt prøver av råvann, ut lagune og ut biodam. I tillegg er det tatt prøver fra bekk oppstrøms og nedstrøms anlegget, samt i nærliggende grunnvannsbrønn. Målt sigevannsproduksjon i 2006 var ca. 29 000 m3, eller 57 m3/dag, 25 % høyere enn normalt. Sigevannsanlegget har i gjennomsnitt oppnådd følgende rensegrader: 32 % for KOF, 40 % for Tot-N og 71 % for Tot-Fe. Rensingen er bedre enn i 2005. Rensingen av KOF er lavere enn kravet. Innholdet av organiske miljøgifter og tungmetaller er lavt i renset sigevann, med unntak av en del tungmetaller og ugrasmidler. Det er påvist ugrasmidler i grunnvannet i lave konsentrasjoner nedstrøms. Det er forhøyde konsentrasjoner av jern og nitrogen nedstrøms. Pesticider er også påvist i bekken. Det anbefales at tilsetningen av fosfor fortsetter i vekstsesongen 2007.
Forfattere
Ketil HaarstadSammendrag
Sigevannet ved HRA ble i 2006 overvåket ved å ta stikkprøver før og etter rensing. Renseanlegget omfatter luftet lagune og sedimentering. I tillegg ble det tatt prøver av grunnvannet i 4 brønner. Brønn B6 nedstrøms er blitt ødelagt pga. isspregning. Rensingen av sigevann har vært god i 2006, med følgende rensegrader; 93 % for KOF, 50 % for Tot-N, 70 % for NH4-N og 95 % for Fe, til tross for en tilsynelatende betydelig økning i konsentrasjonene. Basert på totalavrenningen utgjør utslippet med sigevann om lag 80 t KOF, 4 t Tot-N og 700 kg Fe. Organiske miljøgifter analysert i 2006 omfatter fenoler, metylfenoler, klorfenoler og BTEX. Innholdet i renset sigevann er lavt. Sigevannet som slippes ut til infiltrering i grunnvann, har høye nivåer av N, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr og Ni. Grunnvannet under deponiet har forhøyde nivåer av Mn, Cu.