Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Authors
Gunnhild JaastadAbstract
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Authors
Ane Margrethe Lyng Jon SværenAbstract
«Driftsgranskinger i jord- og skogbruk» er ei årleg rekneskapsgransking der det inngår om lag 1 000 bruk over heile landet. Grunnlagsmaterialet for denne granskinga er omfattande, og mange data vert det ikkje plass til i den landsdekkande publikasjonen. Det er stor etterspurnad etter lokale økonomiske data for Vestlandet. I tillegg er det er eit mål for NILF å gjere data frå driftsgranskingane lettare tilgjengelege. Notatet er basert på driftsgranskingsdata frå dei tre vestlandsfylka Hordaland, Sogn og Fjordane og Møre og Romsdal. Det deltek 173 bruk frå Vestlandet i granskinga, om lag 60 bruk frå kvart fylke. Dei økonomiske dataene i 10-årstrendane i kapittel tre er deflaterte etter konsumprisindeksen, medan 5-årsoversiktene i tabellsamlinga inneheld beløp i nominelle kroner frå kvart av åra. Kontinuiteten blant deltakarane i statistikken er god, derfor vil trendane over 5-10 år gje ei god oversikt over den økonomiske utviklinga i jordbruket i landsdelen. I tillegg til driftsøkonomien er totaløkonomien på bruka godt dokumentert. Driftsgranskingane i jord- og skogbruk er eit årleg fellesprosjekt, som krev stor innsats av medarbeidarar ved alle kontora til NILF. Distriktskontoret i Bergen har ansvaret for tala frå Vestlandet.
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Abstract
The effect of plant age and cold hardening on resistance to pink snow mould caused by Microdochium nivale was studied in perennial ryegrass. Resistance to M. nivale was estimated as relative regrowth after inoculation and incubation under artificial snow cover at 2 degrees C. Resistance increased with increasing plant age. Cold hardened and unhardened plants of the same age displayed identical resistance. Preliminary studies indicate that expression of genes coding for the PR proteins chitinase and PR-1a increased during incubation of inoculated perennial ryegrass, but no clear difference in expression of these genes was found between plants of different ages, or in hardened versus unhardened plants.
Abstract
The paper analyses and discusses possible impacts on Norwegian agriculture of an EU membership based on the regionalized agricultural sector model CAPRI. Norwegian agriculture is characterized by a small-scale farming structure and high levels of support. Previous analyses have shown that Norwegian agriculture is expected to undergo dramatic changes because of EU membership in terms of farm income, production and structural change. Our study indicates that a substantial share of the agricultural production can be maintained at the national level. Milk and crop production may remain largely unaffected, while meat production decreases in the range of 10–20% compared to a reference run without membership. However, a reduction in total farm income by about 40% indicates that structural adjustments will follow EU accession. The results are discussed in view of the pattern of adjustments observed in Finland and Austria after EU accession in 1995. The need for the dairy industry to take advantage of the improved market access is stressed. Attention is also called to some strengths and limitations of the CAPRI model to analyse large-scale policy changes and to identify model improvements as an area of future research.
Authors
Øyvind HansenAbstract
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Authors
Arild SpissøyAbstract
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Authors
Ola Wågbø Oddmund HjukseAbstract
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Authors
Heleen A. de Wit Taru Palosuo Gro Hylen Jari LiskiAbstract
Growing stocks of trees in Europe have increased in a magnitude that is significant in terms of carbon (C) sink strength. Estimates of the soil C sink strength that this increased stock of trees may have induced on a regional scale are scarce, uncertain and difficult to compare. This illustrates the need for a widely applicable calculation method. Here, we calculate a C budget of productive forest in southeast Norway based on forest inventory information, biomass expansion factors (BEF), biomass turnover rates and the dynamic soil model Yasso. We estimate a 29% increase (112-145 Tg) of C in biomass between 1971 and 2000, and estimate the associated increase of C in soils (including dead wood) to be 4.5% (181-189 Tg). The C sink strengths in biomass and soils (including dead wood) in 1990 are 0.38 and 0.08 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively. Estimated soil C density is 58 Mg C ha(-1) or ca 40% of measured soil C density in Norwegian forest soils. A sensitivity analysis - using uncertainty estimates of model inputs and parameters based on empirical data - shows that the underestimation of the soil C stock can be due to overestimation of decomposition rates of recalcitrant organic matter in the soil model and to including only trees as a source of litter. However, uncertainty in these two factors is shown to have a minimal effect on soil sink estimates. The key uncertainty in the soil sink is the initial value of the soil C stock, i.e. the assumed steady state soil C stock at the start of the time series in 1970. However, this source of uncertainty is reduced in importance for when approaching the end of the data series. This indicates that a longer time series of forest inventory data will decrease the uncertainty in the soil sink estimate due to initialisation of the soil C stock. Other, less significant, sources of uncertainty in estimates of soil stock and sink are BEF for fine roots and turnover rates of fine roots and foliage. The used method for calculation of a forest C budget can be readily applied to other regions for which similar forest resource data are available.