Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2015
Sammendrag
In boreal ecosystems, traditionally diverse agricultural landscapes were composed of a mosaics of intensively used fields (monocultures), low intensively used vegetation types such as semi-natural grasslands and forests. The landscapes are now changing to less diverse landscapes of fields and forests. Agricultural landscapes are potential suppliers of ecosystem services such as aesthetic, genetic, pollination and agricultural production. The ongoing process of landscape change will influence provision of ecosystem services but little is known about in which directions. The aim of this project is to shed light on potential outcomes of the land-use changes on ecosystem services in agricultural boreal landscapes.
Forfattere
Stephan Hoffmann Dirk Jaeger Siegmar Schoenherr Bruce TalbotSammendrag
This case study examines the performance of the Igland Hauler employed in small diameter Eucalyptus clear-cut operations in Guangxi, China. A yarding crew of eight persons was monitored by a snap back elemental time study for 19.23 SMH (scheduled machine hours), with 159 yarding cycles and a yarded log volume at landing of 49.4 m³ solid over bark. A gross-productivity of 2.50 m³/SMH and net-productivity of 5.06 m³/PMH0 (productive machine hours excluding delay times) was achieved, leading to a machine utilization rate of 49.5%. The costs of the yarder and associated overhead as well as the personnel costs of a large crew with eight people sum up to extraction costs of 50.24 USD/m³. The high costs make it difficult to compete economically with the locally common manual extraction system as long as abundant labor at a low hourly rate is available in the region. Further performance improvement through skill development, but also technical and organizational system modification in conjunction with rising wages and decreasing labor force in rural primary production will determine the justification of employing such yarding systems. However, new silvicultural regimes with extended rotations and supply requirements of the forest products industry in China demand new operational systems.
Forfattere
John Marshall Bryden Erik Opsahl Ottar Brox Lesley RiddochSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
John Marshall BrydenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
John Marshall BrydenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ranjan Roy Ngai Weng Chan Stefanos XenariosSammendrag
An evaluation is needed to monitor the progress of sustainable development (SD) in rice production systems. The purpose of this study is to provide policy inputs, examine the sustainability of rice production, and determine major policy areas. A requisite set of 12 indicators of three dimensions of SD, namely economic, was generated by employing an assemblage of top–down and bottom–up approaches. The data were gathered from farm households’ survey as well as in-depth discussion with stakeholders from the regions that represent irrigated, rain-fed lowland, rain-fed upland, flood-prone, and saline-prone rice-growing ecosystems in Bangladesh. By constructing composite indicators, the results revealed that 44 % of rice growers were economically viable, environmentally sound, and socially developed. The irrigated rice production system was found to be the most sustainable. The path analysis measured the contribution of the indicators to the index, and results highlighted that rice growers’ knowledge, skills, and social networks development, improving land productivity, and integrated nutrient management were essential for promoting sustainable rice production. However, the study findings suggest that pluralistic (i.e., government and non-government) agricultural advisory services can serve as an engine of transition to rice production sustainability in which a multi-year planning and strategy formulation are crucial besides investing in the modernization of extension services. Overall and ecosystem-specific policy implications that emerged from the findings of this study are outlined.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Magdalena Broda Bartłomiej Mazela Katarzyna Królikowska-Pataraja Callum Aidan Stephen HillSammendrag
The archaeological wooden oak piles of medieval "Poznan" bridge, situated at the bottom of Lednica Lake in Greater Poland, are a valuable relic of the beginnings of the Polish country. The assessment of the state of wood preservation will allow to propose the most appropriate conservation agents and methods in order to save this cultural heritage. The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of degradation of waterlogged piles by using traditional and non-destructive testing methods and to estimate the usefulness of non-destructive FT-IR and computed tomography techniques in such an assessment. The applied traditional, destructive methods, like chemical and physical, as well as non-destructive ones, like X-ray CT or FT-IR, showed that the archaeological oak wood elements are quite well preserved, especially their heartwood part. The obtained results clearly confirm that the modern X-ray CT measurement and FT-IR analysis can be very useful in archaeological wood research, giving a good insight into wood structure.
Sammendrag
Predicting how human induced vegetation changes affect ecosystems and their biological communities is one of the most urgent tasks in ecology. In Norwegian lowlands one of the main threats to biodiversity is abandonment of low intensive land-use areas. Effects of changed land-use on vegetation are generally made by assessing the effect on the number of species as indicators of biodiversity. However, community structure changes and ecosystem processes are not necessarily well described by this biodiversity indicator only. Functional trait responses might better predict structures and processes than species richness. Therefore, studies of functional traits and biodiversity indexes of these might provide deeper insight. In addition, to predict reliable future vegetation changes, multifactorial determinants have to be considered as vegetation is not driven by one determinant only.