Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Forfattere
Annette Folkedal SchjøllSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Živa Fišer Giovanna Aronne Tsipe Aavik Meleksen Akin Paraskevi Alizoti Filippos Aravanopoulos Gianluigi Bacchetta Manica Balant Dalibor Ballian Oz Barazani Andrea Francesca Bellia Nadine Bernhardt Magda Bou Dagher Kharrat Adrian Bugeja Douglas Michael Burkart Dušica Ćalić André Carapeto Tor Carlsen Silvia Castro Guy Colling Joana Cursach Sara Cvetanoska Cvetanka Cvetkoska Renata Ćušterevska Laura Daco Kalina Danova Aida Dervishi Gordana Djukanović Snežana Dragićević Andreas Ensslin Marianne Evju Giuseppe Fenu Ana Francisco Pedro Pablo Gallego Marta Galloni Anatolie Ganea Birgit Gemeinholzer Peter Glasnović Sandrine Godefroid Mette Thomsen Melinda Halassy Aveliina Helm Marko Hyvärinen Jasmin Joshi Amra Kazić Michael Kiehn Marcin Klisz Anneleen Kool Olav Skarpaas Goran Zdunic Elke ZippelSammendrag
Even though plants represent an essential part of our lives offering exploitational, supporting and cultural services, we know very little about the biology of the rarest and most threatened plant species, and even less about their conservation status. Rapid changes in the environment and climate, today more pronounced than ever, affect their fitness and distribution causing rapid species declines, sometimes even before they had been discovered. Despite the high goals set by conservationists to protect native plants from further degradation and extinction, the initiatives for the conservation of threatened species in Europe are scattered and have not yielded the desired results. The main aim of this Action is to improve plant conservation in Europe through the establishment of a network of scientists and other stakeholders who deal with different aspects of plant conservation, from plant taxonomy, ecology, conservation genetics, conservation physiology and reproductive biology to protected area's managers, not forgetting social scientists, who are crucial when dealing with the general public. in situ plant conservation, ex situ plant conservation, conservation genetics, red lists of threatened plant species, citizen science
Sammendrag
Water consumption along value chains of goods and services has increased globally and led to increased attention on water footprinting. Most global water consumption is accounted for by evaporation (E), which is connected via bridges of atmospheric moisture transport to other regions on Earth. However, the resultant source–receptor relationships between different drainage basins have not yet been considered in water footprinting. Based on a previously developed data set on the fate of land evaporation, we aim to close this gap by using comprehensive information on evaporation recycling in water footprinting for the first time. By considering both basin internal evaporation recycling (BIER; >5% in 2% of the world’s basins) and basin external evaporation recycling (BEER; >50% in 37% of the world’s basins), we were able to use three types of water inventories (basin internal, basin external, and transboundary inventories), which imply different evaluation perspectives in water footprinting. Drawing on recently developed impact assessment methods, we produced characterization models for assessing the impacts of blue and green water evaporation on blue water availability for all evaluation perspectives. The results show that the negative effects of evaporation in the originating basins are counteracted (and partly overcompensated) by the positive effects of reprecipitation in receiving basins. By aggregating them, combined net impacts can be determined. While we argue that these offset results should not be used as a standalone evaluation, the water footprint community should consider atmospheric moisture recycling in future standards and guidelines.
Forfattere
Line Nybakken Inger Sundheim Fløistad Melissa Magerøy Maren Lomsdal Solveig Strålberg Paal Krokene Johan AsplundSammendrag
Nursery-grown Norway spruce Picea abies seedlings are often heavily attacked by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis on clear-cuts the first years after planting. Because the seedlings are not resource-limited during the growing phase in the nursery they are expected to invest less in defence than naturally regenerated seedlings already present on the clear-cuts. The latter have had to cope with various environmental stressors that could make them invest more in defence. We tested if naturally regenerated plants have stronger chemical defences than nursery-grown plants. Nursery-grown plants were planted in-between naturally regenerated plants on fresh clear cuts, and phenolic and terpene compounds in the stem bark were measured after one growing season. To test both constitutive and inducible defences, plants were either wounded, painted with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to induce defences, or given a combination of both treatments. Growth and pine weevil attacks of the plants were registered. Nursery-grown plants had higher total concentrations of phenolic compounds and lower concentrations of terpenes than naturally regenerated plants. These opposite responses were reflected in very different compound profiles in the two plant types. We suggest the differences between plant types to be results of differences in plant age, stress level, genetic origin or possibly a combination of these factors. Most compounds showed no response to wounding, MeJA-treatment or wounding and MeJA-treatment combined, but the terpenes 3-carene, eucalyptol, limonene and para-cymene had higher concentrations in MeJA-treated nursery-grown plants than in control plants. These compounds are known to be effective in conifer resistance against weevils and bark beetles. Overall, 27% of our 400 study plants had signs of pine weevil damage after 3 ½ months in the field. However, treatment or plant type had no significant effect on whether plants were attacked or not and this might have been a result of the relatively low overall level of attacks in this study. Further studies are needed to disentangle the importance of plant age, stress level, genetic origin and resource availability for chemical defence mechanisms of young Norway spruce plants, as strengthening the natural resistance of nursery plants may be increasingly important in a future with less pesticide use.
Forfattere
Helene Birkelund Erlandsen Stein Beldring Stephanie Eisner Hege Hisdal Shaochun Huang Lena Merete TallaksenSammendrag
Robust projections of changes in the hydrological cycle in a non-stationary climate rely on trustworthy estimates of the water balance elements. Additional drivers than precipitation and temperature, namely wind, radiation, and humidity are known to have a significant influence on processes such as evaporation, snow accumulation, and snow-melt. A gridded version of the rainfall-runoff HBV model is run at a 1 × 1 km scale for mainland Norway for the period 1980–2014, with the following alterations: (i) the implementation of a physically based evaporation scheme; (ii) a net radiation-restricted degree-day factor for snow-melt, and (iii) a diagnostic precipitation phase threshold based on temperature and humidity. The combination of improved forcing data and model alterations allowed for a regional calibration with fewer calibrated parameters. Concurrently, modeled discharge showed equally good or better validation results than previous gridded model versions constructed for the same domain; and discharge trend patterns, snow water equivalent, and potential evaporation compared fairly to observations. Compared with previous studies, lower precipitation and evaporation values for mainland Norway were found. The results suggest that a more robust and more physically based model for climate change studies has been obtained, although additional studies will be needed to further constrain evaporation estimates.
Forfattere
Ivar Herfindal Marie Vestergaard Henriksen Elena Albertsen Bert van der Veen Annette Bär Line JohansenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Johannes BreidenbachSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Yngvild Wasteson Henning Sørum Bjørn-Arne Lindstedt Adriana Dorota Osinska Arnfinn Sundsfjord Hans Geir Eiken Erik J. Joner Anders Aas Carsten Ulrich Schwermer Pawel Krzeminski Ernst Kristian Rødland Astrid Louise Wester Halfdan Olafssøn Andre Olafssøn Trond Ingebretsen Rune Holmstad Nina DueSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Yngvild Wasteson Henning Sørum Bjørn-Arne Lindstedt Arnfinn Sundsfjord Hans Geir Eiken Erik J. Joner Anders Aas Carsten Ulrich Schwermer Pawel Krzeminski Ernst Kristian Rødland Astrid Louise Wester Halfdan Olafssøn Andre Olafssøn Trond Ingebretsen Rune Holmstad Nina DueSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Cornelya KlutschSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag