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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2010

Sammendrag

During the 1980-1990"s Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium tricinctum and Fusarium culmorum were reported as the most frequently isolated Fusarium species in Norwegian cereals. Recent years studies indicate a shift in the relative prevalence of Fusarium species.

Sammendrag

Olje og såpe er i ferd med å verte eit obligatorisk hjelpemiddel både i konvensjonell og økologisk frukt- og bærdyrking i kampen mot mange skadedyr, t.d. bladmidd i bringebær eller bladlus i søtkirsebær. Lite er kjent om kva effekt bruken av olje og såpe har på plantevekst, men ein har rekna med at det ikkje har hatt for store negative verknader på planteveksten. Det er ikkje nødvendigvis rett.

Sammendrag

Bioforsk har i forbindelse med LMDs arbeid med den nye Stortingsmeldingen om norsk landbruk, laget et notat om hvilke kriterier som bør stilles til de driftsformene og den praksis som skal lede fram mot en mer bærekraftig matproduksjon. 

Til dokument

Sammendrag

Blomsterdagen ved Norsk Landbruksmuseum ble arrangert søndag 6. juni 2010. Bioforsk Plantehelse hadde egen stand utenfor museet. I programmet inngikk bl.a. en orientering om informasjonsprosjektet "Korsmos ugrashage" i museets auditorium. Deretter ble interesserte vist rundt i Besøkshagen, som ligger ved alleen mot Ås kirke, på området til Universitetet for miljø- og biovitenskap (UMB). Det ble lagt vekt på blomstrende planter på denne tiden av året, samt morfologiske forskjeller på de store skjermplantene sløke, sibirbjørnekjeks og kjempebjørnekjeks.

Sammendrag

The spread of the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Europe is a threat to 36 million ha Nordic coniferous forests. In spite of a strict phytosanitary regulation of wood imports, the volumes and an unclear distribution of PWN could result in an introduction into the Nordic region. In the present climate expression of pine wilt disease is expected only in hot summers. Hence, the detection of PWN in the Nordic area is likely to remain unnoticed for a considerable period of time. In Fennoscandia more than 9000 samples have been analyzed from risk areas and risk commodities. The focus often has been on the breeding substrate of the vector insects in the genus Monochamus. A recent study on a simulated introduction in Norway (Økland et al in print) indicates that 14 years may elapse before detection by the present level of 400 samples annually.  It was demonstrated that an earlier detection of PWN provided by an annual sample volume of 10 000 samples would still not be sufficient for successful eradication of PWN by 3 km radius clear-cuts. So, large sampling volumes and strict import regulations for PWN are highly important for the Nordic area. Økland, B.O. Skarpaas, M. Schroeder, C. Magnusson, Å. Lindelöw & K. Thunes 2010. Is Eradication of the Pinewood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) Likely? An Evaluation of Current Contingency Plans. Risk Analysis in print Key Words: Pinewood nematode, Nordic area, sampling, eradication, regulation

Sammendrag

Background and Aims The carbon balance of vegetation is dominated by the two large fluxes of photosynthesis (P) and respiration (R). Mechanistic models have attempted to simulate the two fluxes separately, each with their own set of internal and external controls. This has led to model predictions where environmental change causes R to exceed P, with consequent dieback of vegetation. However, empirical evidence suggests that the R : P ratio is constrained to a narrow range of about 0·4-0·5. Physiological explanations for the narrow range are not conclusive. The aim of this work is to introduce a novel perspective by theoretical study of the quantitative relationship between the four carbon fluxes of P, R, growth and storage (or its inverse, remobilization). Methods Starting from the law of conservation of mass - in this case carbon - equations are derived for the relative magnitudes of all carbon fluxes, which depend on only two parameters: the R : P ratio and the relative rate of storage of carbon in remobilizable reserves. The equations are used to explain observed flux ratios and to analyse incomplete data sets of carbon fluxes. Key Results The storage rate is shown to be a freely varying parameter, whereas R : P is narrowly constrained. This explains the constancy of the ratio reported in the literature. With the information thus gained, a data set of R and P in grassland was analysed, and flux estimates could be derived for the periods after cuts in which plant growth is dominated by remobilization before photosynthesis takes over. Conclusions It is concluded that the relative magnitudes of photosynthesis, respiration, growth and substrate storage are indeed tightly constrained, but because of mass conservation rather than for physiological reasons. This facilitates analysis of incomplete data sets. Mechanistic models, as the embodiment of physiological mechanisms, need to show consistency with the constraints.