Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Sammendrag
The extent of land lease is increasing in many countries, including Norway. This paper develops a von Thünen type model of optimal land plots to lease from a farm’s center. For a single farm setting, the optimality principle is that land is leased as long as the expected marginal value of leasing a tract of land is greater than or equal to the expected marginal costs of leasing the land. The single farm model setting captures land lease at the extensive margin, i.e., under absence of competition for leasing land. Land lease at the intensive margin, i.e., when there is competition for leasing farm fields, is more interesting. We distinguish between two cases. In the first case, continued farm operations do not depend on being able to lease more land. Then we show that optimal land lease results when the expected profits for each farm of leasing its least profitable field is equal among farms competing for the same farm field. This also corresponds to an economically efficient allocation of leased land. Our second case at the intensive margin is more complicated. Here, farm survival depends on attracting acreage of leased land to allow for investment in cost saving technology. We show that the resulting allocation of leased land corresponds to the solution of a game involving bidding for land in order to prevent other farmers from getting land, which in turn leads to farmer exit and therefore increases the future supply of land available at the land lease market. In the first round of the game, winners of the land lease auction pay more for the leased land than they would have done in the absence of preventive bidding. The model framework is applicable for other settings where locking out competitors are parts of agents’ strategy space.
Forfattere
Mark R. Bakker Ivano Brunner Francis Ashwood Brynhildur Bjarnadottir Tom Bolger Isabella Børja Monique Carnol Pavel Cudlin Lise Dalsgaard Amandine Erktan Douglas Godbold Hojka Kraigher Ina C. Meier Luis Merino-Martín Jurga Motiejunaite Tanja Mrak Edda S. Oddsdóttir Ivika Ostonen Taina L. Pennanen Ülle Püttsepp Laura M. Suz Elena I. Vanguelova Lars Vesterdal Nadejda A. SoudzilovskaiaSammendrag
Biodiversity of ecosystems is an important driver for the supply of ecosystem services to people. Soils often have a larger biodiversity per unit surface area than what can be observed aboveground. Here, we present what is to our knowledge, the most extensive literature-based key-word assessment of the existing information about the relationships between belowground biodiversity and ecosystem services in European forests. The belowground diversity of plant roots, fungi, prokaryota, soil fauna, and protists was evaluated in relation to the supply of Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural, and Supporting Services. The soil biota were divided into 14 subgroups and the ecosystem services into 37 separate services. Out of the 518 possible combinations of biotic groups and ecosystem services, no published study was found for 374 combinations (72%). Of the remaining 144 combinations (28%) where relationships were found, the large majority (87%) showed a positive relationship between biodiversity of a belowground biotic group and an associated ecosystem service. However, for the majority of the combinations (102) there were only three or fewer studies. The percentage of cases for which a relationship was detected varied strongly between ecosystem service categories with 23% for Provisioning, 8% for Regulating, 40% for Cultural, and 48% for Supporting Services.We conclude that (1) soil biodiversity is generally positively related to ecosystem services in European forests; (2) the links between soil biodiversity and Cultural or Supporting services are better documented than those relating to Provisioning and Regulating services; (3) there is a huge knowledge gap for most possible combinations of soil biota and ecosystem services regarding how a more biodiverse soil biota is associated with a given ecosystem service. Given the drastically increasing societal demand for knowledge of the role of biodiversity in the functioning of ecosystems and the supply of ecosystem services, we strongly encourage the scientific community to conduct well-designed studies incorporating the belowground diversity and the functions and services associated with this diversity.
Forfattere
M. P. G. Hofman M.W. Hayward Morten Heim P. Marchand Christer Moe Rolandsen Jenny Mattisson F. Urbano M. Heurich Atle Mysterud J. Melzheimer N. Morellet U. Voigt B.L. Allen B. Gehr C. Rouco W. Ullmann Øystein Holand Nicolai Hermann Jørgensen Geir Steinheim F. Cagnacci M. Kroeschel Petra Kaczensky B. Buuveibaatar J.C. Payne I. Palmegiani K. Jerina P. Kjellander Ö. Johansson S. LaPoint R. Bayrakcismith John Durrus Linnell M. Zaccaroni M.L.S. Jorge J.E.F. Oshima A. Songhurst C. Fischer R.T. Mc Bride Jr. J.J. Thompson S. Streif R. Sandfort Christophe Bonenfant M. Drouilly M. Klapproth D. Zinner R. Yarnell A. Stronza L. Wilmott Erling Meisingset M. Thaker A.T. Vanak S. Nicoloso R. Graeber S. Saïd M.R. Boudreau A. Devlin R. Hoogesteijn J.A. May-Junior J.C. Nifong John Odden H.B. Quigley F. Tortato D.M. Parker A. Caso J. Perrine C. Tellaeche F. Zieba T. Zwijacz-Kozica C.L. Appel I. Axsom W.T. Bean B. Cristescu S. Périquet K.J. Teichman S. Karpanty A. Licoppe V. Menges K. Black T.L. Scheppers S.C. Schai-Braun F. C. Azevedo F.G. Lemos A. Payne L.H. Swanepoel B.V. Weckworth A. Berger A. Bertassoni G. McCulloch P. Šustr V. Athreya D. Bockmuhl J. Casaer A. Ekori D. Melovski C. Richard-Hansen D. van de Vyver R. Reyna-Hurtado E. Robardet N. Selva A. Sergiel M.S. Farhadinia P. Sunde R. Portas H. Ambarli R. Berzins P.M. Kappeler G.K. Mann L. Pyritz C. Bissett T. Grant R. Steinmetz L. Swedell R.J. Welch D. Armenteras O.R. Bidder T.M. González A. Rosenblatt S. Kachel N. BalkenholSammendrag
Satellite telemetry is an increasingly utilized technology in wildlife research, and current devices can track individual animal movements at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. However, as we enter the golden age of satellite telemetry, we need an in-Depth understanding of the main technological, species-specific and environmental factors that determine the success and failure of satellite tracking devices across species and habitats. Here, we assess the relative influence of such factors on the ability of satellite telemetry units to provide the expected amount and quality of data by analyzing data from over 3,000 devices deployed on 62 terrestrial species in 167 projects worldwide. We evaluate the success rate in obtaining GPS fixes as well as in transferring these fixes to the user and we evaluate failure rates. Average fix success and data transfer rates were high and were generally better predicted by species and unit characteristics, while environmental characteristics influenced the variability of performance. However, 48% of the unit deployments ended prematurely, half of them due to technical failure. Nonetheless, this study shows that the performance of satellite telemetry applications has shown improvements over time, and based on our findings, we provide further recommendations for both users and manufacturers.
Forfattere
Mohamed Neji Anais Gorel Dario Isidro Ojeda Alayon Jerome Duminil Chedly Kastally Kathy Steppe Adeline Fayolle Olivier J. HardySammendrag
With the ongoing climate change, African rainforests are expected to experience severe drought events in the future. In Africa, the tropical genus Erythrophleum (Fabaceae) includes two forest sister timber tree species displaying contrasting geographical distributions. Erythrophleum ivorense is adapted to wet evergreen Guineo-Congolian forests, whereas E. suaveolens occurs in a wider range of climates, being found in moist dense forests but also in gallery forests under a relatively drier climate. This geographical distribution pattern suggests that the two species might cope differently to drought at the genomic level. Yet, the genetic basis of tolerance response to drought stress in both species is still uncharacterized. To bridge this gap, we performed an RNA-seq approach on seedlings from each species to monitor their transcriptional responses at different levels of drought stress (0, 2 and 6 weeks after stopping watering seedlings). Monitoring of wilting symptoms revealed that E. suaveolens displayed an earlier phenotypic response to drought stress than E. ivorense. At the transcriptomic level, results revealed 2020 (1204 down-regulated/816 up-regulated) and 1495 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to drought stress from a total of 67,432 and 66,605 contigs assembled in E. ivorense and E. suaveolens, respectively. After identifying 30,374 orthologs between species, we found that only 7 of them were DEGs shared between species, while 587 and 458 were differentially expressed only in E. ivorense or E. suaveolens, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the two species differ in terms of significantly regulated pathways as well as the number and expression profile of DEGs (Up/Down) associated with each pathway in the two stress stages. Our results suggested that the two studied species react differently to drought. E. suaveolens seems displaying a prompt response to drought at its early stage strengthened by the down-regulation of many DEGs encoding for signaling and metabolism-related pathways. A considerable up-regulation of these pathways was also found in E. ivorense at the late stage of drought, suggesting this species may be a late responder. Overall, our data may serve as basis for further understanding the genetic control of drought tolerance in tropical trees and favor the selection of crucial genes for genetically enhancing drought resistance.
Sammendrag
In this study, a brown macroalgae species, Saccharina latissima, processed to increase its protein concentration, and a red macroalgae species, Porphyra spp., were used to evaluate their in vivo digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood amino acid concentrations. Four castrated rams were used, whose diets were supplemented with a protein-rich fraction of S. latissima, a commercial Porphyra spp. and soybean meal (SBM). Our results show that the protein digestibility of a diet with S. latissima extract was lower (0.55) than those with Porphyra spp. (0.64) and SBM (0.66). In spite of the higher nitrogen (N) intake of diets containing Porphyra spp. and SBM (20.9 and 19.8 g N/day, respectively) than that with S. latissima (18.6 g N/day), the ratio of N excreted in faeces to total N intake was significantly higher in the diet with S. latissima than those with Porphyra spp. and SBM. This reflects that the utilization of protein in S. latissima was impaired, possibly due to reduced microbial activity. The latter statement is corroborated by lower volatile fatty acid composition (25.6, 54.8 and 100 mmol/l for S. latissima, Porphyra spp. and SBM, respectively) and a non-significant tendency for lower ammonia concentration observed in diets with S. latissima and Porphyra spp. compared to SBM. It is important to note that the S. latissima used in this trial was rinsed during processing to remove salt. This process potentially also removes other water-soluble compounds, such as free amino acids, and may have increased the relative fraction of protein resistant to rumen degradation and intestinal absorption. Furthermore, the phlorotannins present in macroalgae may have formed complexes with protein and fibre, further limiting their degradability in rumen and absorption in small intestines. We recommend that further studies explore the extent to which processing of macroalgae affects its nutritive properties and rumen degradability, in addition to studies to measure the intestinal absorption of these macroalgae species
Forfattere
Marit Almvik Marianne Stenrød Randi Bolli Alice Budai Ingvill Hauso Olaug Bach Steinar Haugse Ole Martin EkloSammendrag
OBJECTIVES • Gain a better understanding of the fate of pesticides in the environment by also screening and detecting their metabolites • Predict and detect pesticide metabolites in soils using high resolution accurate mass (HRAM) tools; Thermo Q Exactive orbitrap and Compound DiscovererTM software. HIGHLIGHTS • We present in silico metabolism simulation to predict fungicide metabolites in soil • We present a screening method for 800 pesticides and metabolites in soil and food, exemplified with soil samples from strawberry field degradation studies (including fluopyram, boscalid and pyraclostrobin and others) • We address the lack of molecular formulas for known metabolites in current databases as an obstacle in establishing HRAM screening methods
Forfattere
B.S. Steidinger Thomas W. Crowther Jingjing Liang M. E. Van Nuland G.D.A. Werner Peter B. Reich Gert-Jan Nabuurs Sergio de-Miguel M. Zhou N. Picard Bruno Herault Xiuhai Zhao C. Zhang D. Routh Kabir G Peay Meinrad Abegg C. Yves Adou Yao Giorgio Alberti Angelica Almeyda Zambrano Esteban Alvarez-Davila Patricia Alvarez-Loayza Luciana F. Alves Christian Ammer Clara Antón Fernández Alejandro Araujo-Murakami Luzmila Arroyo Valerio Avitabile Gerardo Aymard Timothy R. Baker Radomir Bałazy Olaf Bánki Jorcely Barroso Meredith Bastian Jean-François Bastin Luca Birigazzi Philippe Birnbaum Robert Bitariho Pascal Boeckx Olivier Bouriaud Pedro H. S. Brancalion Susanne Brandl Francis Q. Brearley Roel J. W. Brienen Eben Broadbent Helge Bruelheide Filippo Bussotti Roberto Cazzolla Gatti Ricardo Cesar Goran Cesljar Robin L. Chazdon Han Y. H. Chen Chelsea L. Chisholm Emil Cienciala Connie J. Clark David Clark Gabriel Colletta Richard Condit David Coomes Fernando Cornejo Valverde Jose J. Corral-Rivas Philip Crim Jonathan Cumming Selvadurai Dayanandan André L. de Gasper Mathieu Decuyper Géraldine Derroire Ben DeVries Ilija Djordjevic Amaral Iêda Aurélie Dourdain Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang Brian J. Enquist Teresa Eyre Adandé Belarmain Fandohan Tom M. Fayle Ted R. Feldpausch Leena Finér Markus Fischer Christine Fletcher Jonas Fridman Lorenzo Frizzera Javier G. P. Gamarra Damiano Gianelle Henry B. Glick David J. Harris Andy Hector Andreas Hemp Geerten Hengeveld John Herbohn Martin Herold Annika Hillers Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado Markus Huber Cang Hui Hyunkook Cho Thomas Ibanez Ilbin Jung Nobuo Imai Andrzej M. Jagodzinski Bogdan Jaroszewicz Vivian Kvist Johannsen Carlos A. Joly Tommaso Jucker Viktor Karminov Kuswata Kartawinata Elizabeth Kearsley David Kenfack Deborah Kennard Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas Gunnar Keppel Mohammed Latif Khan Timothy Killeen Hyun Seok Kim Kanehiro Kitayama Michael Köhl Henn Korjus Florian Kraxner Diana Laarmann Mait Lang Simon L. Lewis Huicui Lu Natalia Lukina Brian S. Maitner Yadvinder Malhi Eric Marcon Beatriz Schwantes Marimon Ben Hur Marimon-Junior Andrew R. Marshall Emanuel H. Martin Olga Martynenko Jorge A. Meave Omar Melo-Cruz Casimiro Mendoza Cory Merow Abel Monteagudo Mendoza Vanessa Moreno Sharif A. Mukul Philip Mundhenk Maria G. Nava-Miranda David Neill Victor Neldner Radovan Nevenic Michael Ngugi Pascal Niklaus Jacek Oleksyn Petr Ontikov Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi Yude Pan Alain Paquette Alexander Parada-Gutierrez Elena Parfenova Minjee Park Marc Parren Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy Pablo L. Peri Sebastian Pfautsch Oliver Phillips Maria Teresa Piedade Daniel Piotto Nigel Pitman Irina Polo Lourens Poorter Axel Dalberg Poulsen John R. Poulsen Hans Pretzsch Freddy Ramirez Arevalo Zorayda Restrepo-Correa Mirco Rodeghiero Samir Rolim Anand Roopsind Francesco Rovero Ervan Rutishauser Purabi Saikia Philippe Saner Peter Schall Mart-Jan Schelhaas Dmitry Schepaschenko Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Jochen Schöngart Eric Searle Vladimír Seben Josep M. Serra-Diaz Christian Salas Douglas Sheil Anatoly Shvidenko Javier Silva-Espejo Marcos Silveira James Singh Plinio Sist Ferry Slik Bonaventure Sonké Alexandre F. Souza Krzysztof Stereńczak Jens-Christian Svenning Miroslav Svoboda Natalia Targhetta Nadezhda M. Tchebakova Hans ter Steege Raquel Thomas Elena Tikhonova Peter Umunay Vladimir Usoltsev Fernando Valladares Fons van der Plas Tran Van Do Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez Hans Verbeeck Helder Viana Simone Vieira Klaus von Gadow Hua-Feng Wang James Watson Bertil Westerlund Susan Wiser Florian Wittmann Verginia Wortel Roderick Zagt Tomasz Zawila-Niedzwiecki Zhi-Xin Zhu Irie Casimir Zo-BiSammendrag
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Forfattere
Md Zia Uddin Weria Khaksar Jim TørresenSammendrag
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