Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Sammendrag
Punktkilder for forurensning i landbruket omfatter arealer som brukes til påfylling av sprøytemidler og vasking av sprøyteutstyr. Disse operasjonene foregår ofte på en godt drenert gårdsplass. Biobed eller biofilter er tiltak som er utprøvd og anbefalt i en rekke andre land for å sikre grunnvannet mot forurensning av plantevernmidler fra slike punktkilder. Dette er spesielt viktig i områder hvor grunnvann brukes til drikkevann og vanning. Et biofilteranlegg bestående av stablebare kassetter fylt med en blanding av jord, kompost og halm ble anlagt i et potetdyrkingsområde for uttesting under norske forhold. Resultatene etter en 3-årig driftsperiode viser god renseeffekt og -kapasitet for de fleste plantevernmidler.
Sammendrag
Hymenoptera is a hyperdiverse insect order represented by over 153,000 different species. As many hymenopteran species perform various crucial roles for our environments, such as pollination, herbivory, and parasitism, they are of high economic and ecological importance. There are 99 hymenopteran genomes in the NCBI database, yet only five are representative of the paraphyletic suborder Symphyta (sawflies, woodwasps, and horntails), while the rest represent the suborder Apocrita (bees, wasps, and ants). Here, using a combination of 10X Genomics linked-read sequencing, Oxford Nanopore long-read technology, and Illumina short-read data, we assembled the genomes of two willow-galling sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Nematinae: Euurina): the bud-galling species Euura lappo and the leaf-galling species Eupontania aestiva. The final assembly for E. lappo is 259.85 Mbp in size, with a contig N50 of 209.0 kbp and a BUSCO score of 93.5%. The E. aestiva genome is 222.23 Mbp in size, with a contig N50 of 49.7 kbp and a 90.2% complete BUSCO score. De novo annotation of repetitive elements showed that 27.45% of the genome was composed of repetitive elements in E. lappo and 16.89% in E. aestiva, which is a marked increase compared to previously published hymenopteran genomes. The genomes presented here provide a resource for inferring phylogenetic relationships among basal hymenopterans, comparative studies on host-related genomic adaptation in plant-feeding insects, and research on the mechanisms of plant manipulation by gall-inducing insects.
Sammendrag
In this study, the nutrient dynamic and growth performance of lettuce in a closed recirculating hydroponic system were investigated. Lettuce was grown in three parallel nutrient film technique (NFT) units, illuminated with LED-light. A balanced standard nutrient solution (NS) was used, and the electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were adjusted regularly to constant average values of 1.16 mS cm‑1 and 6.2 with standard deviations of ±0.12 and ±0.5, respectively. The volume of NS in each unit was kept at 20 L by adding refill solution to replace nutrient uptake and transpiration. Lettuce growth during the first six weeks in the NFT-system was normal and stable. After six weeks, a decrease in concentrations of N, P, and K was observed, with a corresponding decline in yield of lettuce. After ten weeks, lettuce weight at harvest was reduced by 56% in average compared to the control, and the concentrations of N, P and K in the NS were reduced by 54.5, 90.5 and 96.6%, respectively. Contrarily, more slowly absorbed nutrients like Ca, S, Zn, Cu, and B experienced increases by factors of 2.2, 2.9, 6.6, 4.9 and 2.5, respectively. The depletion and accumulation of nutrients in the NS were reflected in corresponding deficiency and excess levels of nutrients in leaf tissue compared to norm-values of healthy lettuce. The study showed that after six weeks, corresponding to a yield of 1 kg lettuce per 10 L tank volume of NS, the reduced growth implied that the recirculated NS should have been discharged and replaced, or a “tailor-made” refill solution should have been used to avoid depletion of some nutrients. Based on the foliar analysis and calculations of actual nutrient absorption rates, the composition of such a refill NS was suggested.
Sammendrag
5. desember er den internasjonale jord-dagen. Det er viktig å setja pris på jorda under føtene våre, for ho hjelper oss med mykje. Jorda er opphavet til nesten all maten til menneskeslekta, motverkar flaum og turke og lagrar karbon. Samstundes er det over jord me byggjer hus og vegar, skulebygg og næringsområde. Då vert der motstridande omsyn å taka.
Sammendrag
Aiming for sustainable development of food value chains several assessment methods are developed, however it seems challenging to go from assessment to actual change. A solution proposed is increased stakeholder involvement also in the assessment phase. The perspective on sustainability varies depending on several variables, among which the geographical context where the producers are located. The perspective of the latter is of paramount importance as these are the actors on who, ultimately, possible changes towards sustainability depend. In this article, we applied a qualitative approach to investigate the farmers’ perspective on sustainability, in the horticultural production in Arctic Norway. We found that many of the premises for sustainable food production are present. The main challenges are lack of long-term planning, dependency of rented land as well as fluctuating yield and income. Producer’s network is essential for development as well as introduction of technical improvements. The study shows the importance of contextualisation of sustainability, as well as pointing at concerns about trade-offs between sustainability dimensions and themes in the proposed model. The research contributes to method development by demonstrating how a qualitative approach is a fruitful method to unravel the complexities of sustainability in food production.
Forfattere
Albert Imsland Patrick Reynolds Thor Arne Hangstad Lauri Teemu Kapari Simo Maduna Snorre Hagen Ólöf Dóra Bartels Jónsdóttir Frank Spetland Ken Ståle LindbergSammendrag
To investigate the possible family influence on sea lice grazing of lumpfish on Atlantic salmon, ten families of lumpfish (N = 480) with a mean (± SD) weight of 54.8 ± 9.2 g were distributed among ten sea cages (5 × 5 × 5 m) each stocked with 400 Atlantic salmon with a mean (± SD) weight of 621.4 ± 9.2 g. All the ten cages were stocked with 48 lumpfish (12% stocking density). The stocking of cages was such that each cage consisted of two random families where full- and paternal half-sib families were randomly allocated to the different cages. There were clear differences in sea lice grazing efficacy, growth and cataract prevalence between the ten families assessed in this study. Lumpfish from families 2, 6 and 10 had the lowest mean weights but showed comparable growth rates compared to the other families throughout the study and this may be as a direct result of genetic influence. In addition, fish from these families had a significantly higher incidence of lice grazing of both L. salmonis and C. elongatus compared to the other families. Using mixed linear model to analyse the data revealed significant family and paternal effect on sea lice grazing. There was a trend for a reduction in sea lice grazing with increased size within each family. The results indicated that it was the smallest size classes of lumpfish (40–140 g) which exhibited higher sea lice grazing potential compared to the larger size classes within families. There were no clear differences in the lice grazing potential between male and female lumpfish within and between families. Overall, present findings showed that sea lice grazing of both L. salmonis and C. elongatus can be enhanced using targeted family production and if this behaviour has a genetic basis it may further enhanced through selection and targeted breeding programs.
Forfattere
Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Will the toughness of tundra animals be their benefit or their bane in a changing climate? The tundra is a harsh and brutally cold place in winter, with almost no plants to eat. Only the toughest of creatures survive here. In this tool kit, we explore how climate change affects the tundra and its animals. We advice that pupils first do part 1 (animal adaptability).
Forfattere
Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Kraftigere regnbyger, flere jordras, vinden som hyler stadig oftere, lengre somre ... Det gode eller det dårlige ved et stadig varmere og villere klima! I denne læringspakka vil elevene få innblikk i nordlige klima og muligens til og med sanse det. Ikke minst vil de lære om klimaendringer i nord, som ikke er helt det samme som i sør.
Forfattere
Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Tundra er et brutalt kaldt sted å være om vinteren, med nesten ingen planter å beite. Kun de tøffeste av skapninger overlever. Blir hardførheten til tundra-dyr en fordel eller til besvær når klima endrer seg? I denne læringspakka utforsker vi hvordan klima-endringer påvirker tundraen og dyrene der. Vi anbefaler at elevene først gjør del 1 og 2 av serien om dyr og klima.
Sammendrag
Om lag 5 % av landarealet i Norge er bebygd eller opparbeidet areal. De resterende 95 % er utmark. Fotosyntesebasert verdiskaping i utmark skjer i form av skogbruk, utmarksbeite, reindrift og en rekke former for høstingsbruk. Rapporten gir en overordnet beskrivelse av status og muligheter med hensyn til denne verdiskapingen. Rapporten tar også for seg arealbruks- og målkonflikter som kan oppstå når utmarka tas i bruk.