Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Sammendrag
The effect of controlled nutrient feeding during the period of short day (SD) induction of flowering has been studied in three SD berry crops. An experimental system with standardized plant material grown with trickle fertigation in controlled environments was used. In strawberry, flowering was advanced and increased when an additional N pulse was given 1-2 weeks after commencement of a 4-week SD induction period, while the opposite resulted when the treatment was applied 2 weeks before start of SD. In blackcurrant, the highest flowering and yield were obtained when fertilization was applied shortly after the natural photoperiod had declined to the inductive length in September. While generous nutrient supply during spring and summer reduced berry soluble solids in blackcurrant, this was not observed with autumn fertilization. Autumn fertilization did not adversely affect plant winter survival or growth vigour in spring. Withdrawal of fertilization prior to, or at various stages during floral induction, did not significantly affect flowering and yield in raspberry, but marginally advanced flowering and fruit ripening.
Forfattere
Pauline Bristiel Lauren Gillespie Liv Østrem Jennifer Balachowski Cyrille Violle Florence VolaireSammendrag
1. A core tenet of functional ecology is that the vast phenotypic diversity observed in the plant kingdom could be partly generated by a trade-off between the ability of plants to grow quickly and acquire resources in rich environments vs. the ability to conserve resources and avoid mortality under stress. However, experimental demonstrations remain scarce and potentially blurred by phylogenetic constraints in cross-species analyses. Here, we experimentally decoupled growth potential and stress survival by applying an off-season stress on contrasting populations of the perennial grass Dactylis glomerata exhibiting a range of seasonal dormancy.2. Seventeen populations of D. glomerata, originating from a latitudinal gradient from Norway to Morocco, were subjected to three types of dehydration stress: winter frost in Norway, and summer drought and early spring (off-season) drought stress in the south of France. Growth rate and two leaf traits (leaf width and leaf dry matter content) suspected to be involved in the adaptation to dehydration stress were monitored under optimal conditions. We quantified plant dehydration survival as the amount of plant recovery after a severe stress.3. Nordic populations were found to be winter-dormant. Winter- and summer-dor-mant populations better survived frost and summer drought, respectively. However, no trade-off between growth potential and dehydration survival was detected in non-dormant plants in early spring when dehydration occurred unsea-sonably for all populations. Furthermore, Mediterranean populations better survived an early spring drought.4. Our results highlight the importance of assessing plant growth potential as a re-sponse to seasonal environmental cues. They suggest that growth potential and stress survival trade off when plants exhibit seasonal dormancy but can be func-tionally independent at other seasons. Consequently, the growth–stress survival relationship could be better described as a dynamic linkage rather than a constant and general trade-off. Moreover, leaf trait values, such as thinner and more ligni-fied leaves reflecting drought adaptation, may have contributed to the improved drought-stress survival without resulting in a cost to growth. 5. Further exploration of the growth–stress survival relationship should permit deci-phering the suite of plant traits and trait covariations involved in plants’ responses to increasing stress.
Forfattere
Carrie Joy Andrew Einar Heegaard Klaus Høiland Beatrice Senn-Irlet Thomas W. Kuyper Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber Paul M. Kirk Jacob Heilmann-Clausen Alan C. Gange Simon Egli Claus Bässler Ulf Büntgen Lynne Boddy Håvard KauserudSammendrag
Here we assess the impact of geographically dependent (latitude, longitude, and altitude) changes in bioclimatic (temperature, precipitation, and primary productivity) variability on fungal fruiting phenology across Europe. Two main nutritional guilds of fungi, saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal, were further separated into spring and autumn fruiters. We used a path analysis to investigate how biogeographic patterns in fungal fruiting phenology coincided with seasonal changes in climate and primary production. Across central to northern Europe, mean fruiting varied by approximately 25 d, primarily with latitude. Altitude affected fruiting by up to 30 d, with spring delays and autumnal accelerations. Fruiting was as much explained by the effects of bioclimatic variability as by their large‐scale spatial patterns. Temperature drove fruiting of autumnal ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic groups as well as spring saprotrophic groups, while primary production and precipitation were major drivers for spring‐fruiting ectomycorrhizal fungi. Species‐specific phenology predictors were not stable, instead deviating from the overall mean. There is significant likelihood that further climatic change, especially in temperature, will impact fungal phenology patterns at large spatial scales. The ecological implications are diverse, potentially affecting food webs (asynchrony), nutrient cycling and the timing of nutrient availability in ecosystems.
Foredrag – Exploiting our knowledge of how fungal pathogens use visible and UV light.
Arne Stensvand
Forfattere
Arne StensvandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Solveig Marie Stubsjøen Kristin Sørheim Matteo Chincarini Jon Bohlin Emma Brunberg Boris Fuchs Rupert Palme Lise GrøvaSammendrag
Tick-borne fever (TBF), caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum and transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus, has considerable consequences for animal welfare and economy in the sheep industry. Non-invasive, objective methods to quantify chronic stress are needed in order to evaluate the welfare impact of disease. The aim of this study was 1) to evaluate hair cortisol (HC) and hair cortisone (HCn) as biomarkers of chronic stress in sheep with TBF and 2) to test whether there was an association between the development of TBF and con- centrations of HC, HCn and faecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) and body weight. The experiment took place in an area with a high prevalence of TBF, and thirty lambs were used in the study. Wool samples were collected in Week 0, in Week 3 (before turn out on homeland spring pasture), in Week 6 (before turn out on summer rangeland pasture) and at the end of the summer (Week 15). Faecal samples were collected every week (ie. Week 0–6 and Week 15). Symptoms of TBF developed in 15 lambs, of which all recovered from the disease after treatment with antibiotics. HC levels decreased progressively, and significantly, between Week 0, 3, 6 and 15 (p < 0.001), while HCn only decreased from Week 0 to Week 3 (p < 0.001) and then remained stable between Week 3–15. FCM increased between Week 0 and 5 (p = 0.027), and a significant association was found between increased FCM levels in Week 5 and lambs developing clinical signs of TBF (p = 0.022). We also found an association between lambs developing clinical signs of TBF and elevated HCn levels in Week 6 (p = 0.013). A slightly lower weight gain at later time points (Week 6 and 15) were found in the affected lambs compared to clinically healthy lambs. Our results indicate local production and/or metabolism of glucocorticoids in the hair follicles. This study strengthens our previous finding of a potential merit of hair cortisone as a biomarker of chronic stress in sheep.
Forfattere
Tone Magnussen Anniken Førde Marit Aure Torill Nyseth Gregory TaffSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Misganu Debella-Gilo Svein Olav Krøgli Vibeke Stærkebye Nørstebø Wenche Dramstad Gerardo Alfredo Perez ValdesSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Emily Hill Sveinn Are Hanssen Bjørn Munro Jenssen Anette Fenstad Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski Syverin Lierhagen Jón Einar Jónsson Thordur Ôrn Kristjansson Thomas Holm Carlsen Geir W. Gabrielsen Børge MoeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Daniel Mitchell Clare Heaviside Nathalie Schaller Myles Allen Kristie L. Ebi Erich M. Fischer Antonio Gasparrini Luke Harrington Viatcheslav Kharin Hideo Shiogama Jana Sillmann Sebastian Sippel Sotiris VardoulakisSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anestis Karkanis Georgia Ntatsi Liga Lepse Juan A. Fernández Ingunn M. Vågen Boris Rewald Ina Alsina Arta Kronberga Astrit Balliu Margit Olle Gernot Bodner Laila Dubova Eduardo Rosa Dimitrios SavvasSammendrag
Faba beans are highly nutritious because of their high protein content: they are a good source of mineral nutrients, vitamins, and numerous bioactive compounds. Equally important is the contribution of faba bean in maintaining the sustainability of agricultural systems, as it is highly efficient in the symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. This article provides an overview of factors influencing faba bean yield and quality, and addresses the main biotic and abiotic constraints. It also reviews the factors relating to the availability of genetic material and the agronomic features of faba bean production that contribute to high yield and the improvement of European cropping systems. Emphasis is to the importance of using new high-yielding cultivars that are characterized by a high protein content, low antinutritional compound content, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. New cultivars should combine several of these characteristics if an increased and more stable production of faba bean in specific agroecological zones is to be achieved. Considering that climate change is also gradually affecting many European regions, it is imperative to breed elite cultivars that feature a higher abiotic–biotic stress resistance and nutritional value than currently used cultivars. Improved agronomical practices for faba bean crops, such as crop establishment and plant density, fertilization and irrigation regime, weed, pest and disease management, harvesting time, and harvesting practices are also addressed, since they play a crucial role in both the production and quality of faba bean.