Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Mekjell MelandSammendrag
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Sammendrag
‘Summerred" apples (Malus domestica) Borkh are highly susceptible to biennial bearing if not properly thinned. This results in erratic yields and also affects fruit quality adversely. Between 2003 and 2005 ‘Summered"/‘M9" trees were treated with ethephon at concentrations of 250, 375 and 500 mL·L-1 when most king flowers opened (ca. 20% bloom) or at concentrations of 500, 625 and 750 mL·L-1 when the average fruitlet size was 10 mm in diameter. The experimental design was a completely randomised block design with 6 whole tree plots per replication. Trees were sprayed to the point of run-off with a hand applicator only when temperatures exceeded 15ºC. Within two weeks after the second application fruit set was reduced linearly with increasing concentrations of ethephon to less than 1 fruitlet per cluster at the highest concentrations used. Most thinning treatments reduced fruit set significantly compared to unthinned trees. Fruit numbers per tree decreased significantly with increasing ethephon concentrations, and the highest concentrations of ethephon applied during bloom or when the average fruitlet size was 10 mm in diameter resulted in over-thinning. Yield results confirmed the fruit set response where yield reductions were significant at highest concentrations of ethephon (2.1 kg·tree-1) compared to hand-thinned trees (7.3 kg·tree-1) in 2005. All thinning treatments resulted in higher percentage of fruits larger than 60 mm diameter average fruit size compared to unthinned control fruit. Thinning resulted in significantly higher soluble solid contents, and this was especially so for hand-thinned trees. Other fruit quality parameters like yellow/green background color did not show a clear response to thinning. Fruit firmness, however, decreased slightly in all ethephon treated trees whereas return bloom was improved on all thinned trees. It is recommended that ethephon be applied at a rate of 375 mL·L-1 when king flowers open or at a rate of 625 mL·L-1 when the average fruitlet size is 10 mm in diameter. These treatments thin ‘Summerred" apples to a target of about 5 fruits·cm-2 per trunk cross sectional area or 50-70 fruits·100 flower clusters-1 without impacting fruit quality, yield or return bloom the following year.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Clive Kaiser Philip B. Hamm Stacy Gieck Nicholas David Lynn Long Mekjell Meland J. Mark ChristensenSammendrag
In vitro dose responses of several calcium and potassium salts were determined on some commercially significant plant pathogens including: Helminthosporium solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi race 2, Colletotricum coccodes, Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora erythroseptica, Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora megasperma, Pythium ultimum and Venturia inaequalis. Mycelial growth inhibition was both salt-specific and dose-related. Pythium ultimum was completely inhibited by ≥75 mg·L-1 calcium propionate, but needed ≥ 300 mg·L-1 of calcium acetate and ≥ 40 mL·L -1 of potassium silicate for complete inhibition. Phytophthora infestans was completely inhibited by ≥150 mg·L-1 calcium acetate, ≥150 mg·L-1 calcium propionate or ≥ 5 mL·L-1 potassium silicate. Phytophthora cactorum was completely inhibited by ≥ 300 mg·L-1 calcium propionate, but required ≥ 600 mg·L-1 calcium acetate and ≥10 mL·L-1 potassium silicate for complete inhibition. Phytophthora cinnamomi was completely inhibited by calcium propionate at ≥ 600 mg·L-1, or by ≥10 mL·L-1 potassium silicate. Only potassium silicate inhibited Phytophthora megasperma, Phytophthora erthroseptica, V. inequalis and H. solani at concentrations of ≥ 5mL·L-1, ≥ 20 mL·L-1, ≥ 40 mL·L-1 or ≥ 80mL·L-1 respectively. Potassium acetate did not completely inhibit any of the pathogens in this study when tested at concentrations ≤ 1200 mg·L-1.
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