Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Petter D. Jenssen Trond Mæhlum Melesse Eshetu_Moges Bente Føreid Trine Hvoslef-Eide Jihong Liu Clarke Arve Heistad Manoj Kumar PandeySammendrag
Urban agriculture requires resources such as growth media, nutrients, and water. This report demonstrates how these resources can be locally sourced through a circular economy approach, in which waste materials are recovered and reused. Recycling helps reduce or eliminate the discharge of pollutants into water and air. Examples presented show how to convert waste from households—such as human excreta, wastewater, and organic household waste—into biogas, compost/growth media, biochar, and solid and liquid fertilizer for urban agriculture and urban greening. The solutions presented have been explored through desktop evaluations, practical trials, or full-scale demonstrations to see how the technologies can be improved or adapted for urban use. Products like liquid and solid fertilizers, compost, aquaponic fish feed, irrigation water, and energy (methane) can be used in urban food production or recreational areas. Regulations for the use of waste resources in the production of growth media, fertilizers, irrigation water, fodder, and energy vary between countries but are generally restrictive due to the risk of disease transmission and pollutant build-up. For urban agriculture to become more circular, there is a need for documentation of good waste treatment routines, changes in legislation, and changes in attitudes towards the use of local waste resources.
Sammendrag
Background: Campylobacter is an important water- and food-borne pathogen with notable genetic similarity among strains isolated from humans, animals, and environmental sources. This systematic review and meta- analysis synthesized available evidence on the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and associated risk factors of Campylobacter in humans, animals, and the environment in Ethiopia. Methods: Articles published from 1997 to 2024 were systematically searched and retrieved from PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and data from eligible articles were extracted using a standardized data extraction template. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q statistic, the I² statistic, and Egger’s test for small-study effects. Data extraction and analysis were conducted using Microsoft Excel and Stata 14. Results: Of the 11,573 samples analyzed across 26 studies, 3204 were positive for Campylobacter, yielding a pooled prevalence of 19.9 %. The highest prevalence was observed in environmental samples (33.4 %), followed by humans (31.4 %) and animals (24 %). Regionally, Oromia showed the highest prevalence (30.4 %), while Addis Ababa and Tigray reported the lowest (11.0 %). Cephalothin and ampicillin exhibited the highest antimicrobial resistance (100 %), whereas gentamicin showed the lowest (7.1 %). Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were the most frequently identified species and demonstrated the highest resistance levels. Major risk factors for campylobacteriosis included frequent animal contact, consumption of undercooked or contaminated food and water, and low parental education levels among affected children. Conclusion: This study highlights the distribution and increasing prevalence of Campylobacter and associated antimicrobial resistance within a One Health framework. Future research should encompass wider geographic coverage and include diverse sources such as poultry, companion animals, vegetables, and wastewater to generate more comprehensive epidemiological data. Such efforts will help address existing knowledge gaps and support the development of targeted interventions to reduce foodborne infections and mitigate antimicrobial resistance.
Forfattere
Mikołaj Piniewski Natalja Čerkasova Svajunas Plunge Michael Strauch Christoph Schürz Péter Braun Enrico Antonio Chiaradia Joana Eichenberger Mohammad Reza Eini Csilla Farkas Marie Anne Eurie Forio Peter Goethals Piroska Kassai Štěpán Marval Diego G. Panique-Casso Lorenzo Sanguanini Moritz Shore Brigitta Szabó Petr Slavík Felix WitingSammendrag
This study proposes a new workflow for crop growth evaluation and yield calibration in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Plus (SWAT+) model and evaluates its impact on simulated hydrological and biogeochemical processes. The workflow was applied for ten small agricultural catchments in Europe. A detailed demonstration is provided for the German catchment, Schwarzer Schöps. The workflow proved effective across all catchments, improving yield calibration from an initial R2 of 0.5–0.84. The results show that evapotranspiration and soil moisture were only moderately affected by crop calibration in three catchments (Belgium, Czech Republic and Norway) and negligibly changed in the remaining ones. Sediment and nutrient balance were affected more strongly: sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus loss change reached 82 % (Norway), 16 % and 20 % (Czech Republic), respectively. The proposed workflow is a valuable tool for improving the accuracy of SWAT + simulations and can be used to support decision-making in environmental management.
Forfattere
Maja Stade Aarønæs Matthew Grainger Øyvind Nystad Handberg Jan Ketil Rød Gunnhild Søgaard Eva Skarbøvik Mahla Rashidian Christian Lindemann Ida Andrea Braathen Sognnæs Ulrika Jansson AsplundSammendrag
Denne rapporten presenterer en videreutvikling av metoder for framskrivinger og scenarioer for norsk natur. Arbeidet bygger på og supplerer NINA Rapport 2533 og er et deloppdrag under Klima- og miljødepartementets rammeavtale for klima- og miljøkunnskap. Målet er å bidra til et mer robust kunnskapsgrunnlag for å belyse hvordan naturen i Norge kan utvikle seg under ulike utviklingsbaner fram mot 2050 og 2100. Scenarioene skal også danne et grunnlag for å vurdere konsekvenser av politiske valg og ulik virkemiddelbruk på utviklingsbanene. Rapporten utgjør et steg på veien for å etablere et nasjonalt rammeverk for scenarioer for natur, tilsvarende det som finnes for klima. Rapporten omfatter seks hovedkomponenter: (1) videreutvikling av et konseptuelt rammeverk for scenarioutvikling, (2) begrunnelse for metodiske valg i utviklingen av framskrivinger og scenarioer for natur, (3) utvikling og uttesting av et modelleringsrammeverk for framskrivinger (Business-As-Usual scenario BAU)), (4) utvikling av kvalitative scenarioer for natur som belyser alternative utviklingsbaner, (5) eksempler på hvordan naturrelevante drivere kan kvantifiseres og (6) anbefalinger for videre arbeid. Kapittel 1 presenterer en videreutvikling av det konseptuelle rammeverket som ble presentert i NINA Rapport 2533. I kapittel 2 presenteres en systematisk gjennomgang av indirekte og direkte drivere og konsekvensen av driverne på natur, som i denne sammenhengen omfatter utbredelse, tilstand og økosystemtjenester. Naturindeks brukes som indikator for økologisk tilstand, ettersom det i arbeidet med naturindeks er gjennomført ekspertvurderinger av hvor følsomt det biologiske mangfoldet kan være for ulike typer menneskelig påvirkning. Det er utarbeidet en detaljert oversikt (vedlegg 2) som viser hvordan de indirekte driverne er koblet til hver enkelt direkte driver og hvilke datakilder som finnes for framskriving av disse på nasjonalt nivå. Framskrivingene som presenteres i kapittel 3 i rapporten av tilstanden til norsk natur, beskriver en framtid der kun effektene av allerede vedtatte tiltak, kjente trender og pågående samfunnsutvikling videreføres. Vi benytter forutsetningene fra SSP2 «Middelveien», som kvantifisert i Menon mfl. (2025) for å utvikle framskrivinger. Rapporten presenterer framskrivinger for indikatorer for tre av de direkte driverne, disse indikatorene er utbygd areal, en indikator for fremmede arter og klimagassutslipp. Framskrivingene presenteres på hovedøkosystemnivå. Modellen beregner ikke absolutte verdier for naturindeks fram i tid, men endringer i naturindeks relativt til basisåret 2020. Dette gjør det mulig å vurdere retninger i utviklingen av tilstand. Det understrekes at disse resultatene hovedsakelig skal demonstrere metodikk, og med forbedret datagrunnlag kan resultatet kunne bli annerledes. For arbeidet med scenarioer er rapporten inspirert av internasjonalt arbeid med scenarioutvikling, særlig arbeidet med Nature Futures Framework (NFF) under Naturpanelet og arbeidet med sosioøkonomiske utviklingsbaner (SSPer) som benyttes for klimascenarioer. Disse rammeverkene gir nyttige prinsipper og strukturer, men anses ikke direkte relevante for utvikling av forvaltningsrelevante framskrivinger og scenarioer for natur i Norge. Rapporten presenterer derfor i kapittel 4 tre scenarioer som er direkte inspirert av de første tre SSPene for klima, men med natur som primærhensyn. De tre scenarioene representerer et bredt spenn i mulige utviklingsbaner og tydeliggjør hvor store forskjeller i natur som følger av ulike politiske og samfunnsmessige valg. Scenarioene er tenkt som et utgangspunkt for en videre diskusjon som involverer et bredt utvalg aktører for identifisering av scenarioer for natur. Scenarioene søker å belyse mulige fremtider for norsk natur på nasjonalt nivå. De tre naturscenarioene tar utgangspunkt i de samme samfunnstrekkene som SSP 1, 2 og 3 for klima. Flertallet av samfunnstrekkene er felles for klima og natur, men i noen tilfeller vil det imidlertid være andre trender som vil være sentrale for å kunne si noe om utviklingen for natur. De tre naturscenarioene er naturavtalens visjon for 2050 (scenario Natur-SSP1), uendret virkemiddelbruk (scenario Natur-SSP2/Business-As-Usual scenario) og regional konflikt og økt prioritering av andre samfunnsmål på bekostning av naturhensyn (scenario Natur-SSP3). For hvert scenario beskrives forventede sammenhenger mellom de indirekte driverne, fem direkte driverne (arealbruk og inngrep, klima, beskatning og høsting og fremmede arter), og forventede konsekvenser for natur. Rapporten inkluderer videre eksempler på hvordan scenarioer for natur kan visualiseres i kapittel 5, ved å teste utviklingsbaner for tre modellerte drivere: utbygd areal, en indikator for fremmede arter og klimagassutslipp. Ettersom det ikke finnes data for disse driverne som er knyttet til naturscenarioene presentert i kapittel 4, benyttes trender som er knyttet til klimascenarioene. Formålet er å vise muligheter, ikke å presentere ferdige prognoser. Rapporten identifiserer i kapittel 6 mulige anbefalinger til videre arbeid: • Uttesting av framskrivinger og scenarioer i et geografisk avgrenset område eller innen et hovedøkosystem. • Styrke datagrunnlaget for de direkte driverne i framskrivinger. • Videreutvikle de kvantitative koblingene mellom indirekte drivere, direkte drivere og naturindeks. • Utvikling av scenarioer. Både utvikling av trenddata for natur-SSP1 og natur-SSP3 og en videre åpen prosess med et bredt spekter relevante aktører for å definere naturscenarioene ytterligere. • Utvikle et åpent interaktivt verktøy. Rapporten er et skritt videre i utviklingen av de metodiske og kunnskapsmessige tilnærmingene for nasjonale framskrivinger og scenarioer for natur. Scenarioutvikling er et fagfelt i rask utvikling nasjonalt og internasjonalt. En videre styrking av datagrunnlag, bred involvering av aktører og metodisk utvikling vil være nødvendig for å kunne presentere robuste utviklingsbaner. På sikt vil scenarioer for natur kunne synliggjøre hvordan dagens valg påvirker naturens framtid.
Forfattere
Nima Shokri David A. Robinson Mehdi Afshar Christine Alewell Milad Aminzadeh Emmanuel Arthur Nils Broothaerts Grant A. Campbell Lina Eklund Surya Gupta Richard Harper Amirhossein Hassani Cathy Hohenegger Thomas Keller Maximilian Kiener Inma Lebron Kaveh Madani Tshilidzi Marwala Francis Matthews Per Moldrup Attila Nemes Panos Panagos Remus Prăvălie Matthias C. Rillig Philipp Saggau Salome M. S. Shokri‐Kuehni Pete Smith Amy Thomas Lis Wollesen de Jonge Dani OrSammendrag
The increasing threat of soil degradation presents significant challenges to soil health, especially within agroecosystems that are vital for food security, climate regulation, and economic stability. This growing concern arises from intricate interactions between land use practices and climatic conditions, which, if not addressed, could jeopardize sustainable development and environmental resilience. This review offers a comprehensive examination of soil degradation, including its definitions, global prevalence, underlying mechanisms, and methods of measurement. It underscores the connections between soil degradation and land use, with a focus on socio‐economic consequences. Current assessment methods frequently depend on insufficient data, concentrate on singular factors, and utilize arbitrary thresholds, potentially resulting in misclassification and misguided decisions. We analyze these shortcomings and investigate emerging methodologies that provide scalable and objective evaluations, offering a more accurate representation of soil vulnerability. Additionally, the review assesses both physical and biological indicators, as well as the potential of technologies such as remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics for enhanced monitoring and forecasting. Key factors driving soil degradation, including unsustainable agricultural practices, deforestation, industrial activities, and extreme climate events, are thoroughly examined. The review emphasizes the importance of healthy soils in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly concerning food and water security, ecosystem health, poverty alleviation, and climate action. It suggests future research directions that prioritize standardized metrics, interdisciplinary collaboration, and predictive modeling to facilitate more integrated and effective management of soil degradation in the context of global environmental changes.
Sammendrag
Presenting the status and results of the nitrate transport modelling for the Želivka (Czech Republic) and Himmerland (Denmark) catchments using the SWAT+ model
Sammendrag
SWAT+ modelling and scenario results for changes in nitrate leaching to shallow groundwater in the Himmerland catchment, Denmark, with afforestation, set aside and fertilization reduction. Results are calculated for present and future climate conditions.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Berhanu Menasbo Tegegne Emiru Birhane Fasil Eregno Ståle Haaland Samuel Alemayehu Tesfamariam Teklu Gebretsadik Abraha Gebrekidan AsgedomSammendrag
Capping is an effective method for reducing internal nutrient loading in eutrophic water bodies, but research on low-cost materials, especially for trapping nitrogen and phosphorus, remains limited. This study evaluates the performance of a dual-layer biochar and zeolite capping system in mitigating nutrient fluxes. The structural and compositional properties of the materials were characterized using advanced techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, electron diffraction spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Three setups at 16 C and 24 C were tested for 60 d: (1) uncapped sediment, (2) nonwoven fabric mat (NWFM) with zeolite over biochar, and (3) NWFM with biochar over zeolite. Both capping configurations significantly reduced ammonium-nitrogen flux. The zeolite-on-top setup achieved the lowest total nitrogen flux at 16 C (1.03 mg/m2/d), while uncapped sediment had the highest at 24 C (5.02 ± 1.36 mg/m2/d). Zeolite at the top layer enhanced nutrient retention—up to 95% ammonium and 98% phosphorus—while maintaining dissolved oxygen and reducing chemical oxygen demand. These results highlight the short-term efficacy of dual-layer capping as a cost-effective approach for lake restoration. Further field-scale studies are recommended to assess long-term outcomes.
Forfattere
Ruben Alexander Pettersen Hallvard Jensen Paul Eric Aspholm Juho Vuolteenaho Ståle HaalandSammendrag
A survey was conducted in Porsangmoen-Halkavarre shooting and training range. This report summarizes the results of exploratory fishing and extensive environmental surveys carried out in 2024 in five lakes: Store Ikkasvann (Stuorra Inggasjávri), Lille Ikkasvann (Unna Inggasjávri), almijervi (Coalbmejávri), Lille Russevann (Bajit Russojávri) and Store Russevann (Stuorra Russojávri), as well as in Ørretbekken, an important spawning stream for the trout (Salmo trutta) population in Store Ikkasvann (Stuorra Inggasjávri). The study includes catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE, species distribution, growth and biometrics), water chemical and physical analyses, sediment studies, as well as observations of macrophytes and habitat conditions. The aim was to document variations in fish communities and ecological status, and to identify possible environmental challenges that may affect future management and conservation of the resources in the area. The findings show that trout predominate in the shallow areas (0–6 m deep) of Store Ikkasvann (Stuorra Inggasjávri) and Lille Ikkasvann (Unna Inggasjávri), while char (Salvelinus alpinus) is more abundant in the deeper water layers. In Salmijervi (Coalbmejávri), the species distribution is more balanced, while Store Russevann (Stuorra Russojávri) and Lille Russevann (Bajit Russojávri) are characterized by a higher density of char. Minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) was found in three of the lakes, especially in shallow areas, which can affect traut grawth thraugh competition and predation. Biometric analyses indicate that traut graw fastest in Lille Russevann (Bajit Russojåvri) (with 5.1 cm annual grawth) and slowest in Salmijervi (Coalbmejåvri) (4.3 cm), while char maintains a steady growth of about 5 cm per year. Colour differences in fish meat·suggest that a high percentage of traut from Store Russevann (Stuorra Russojåvri) and Lille Russevann (Bajit Russojåvri), and both traut and char from Store Ikkasvann (Stuorra Inggasjåvri) and Lille Ikkasvann (Unna Inggasjåvri) have a more reddish color, possibly due to a higher intake of crustaceans. The parasite occurrence in traut and char was generally low, except for fish in Salmijervi (Coalbmejåvri), where increased bird activity may have led to higher infection rates. Water chemistry measurements showed that most water bodies have good water quality with low concentrations of lead, same copper and zinc, relatively low nutrient concentrations, a high con tent of calcium carbonate and thus stable pH values (7-8). At the same time, the analyses oflake sediments indicate good condition for lead (which is an EU priority substance), but occasionally poor to very poor status for copper and chramium, as well as high concentrations of nickel. Nickel, copper and chramium occur naturally in minerals in the catchment area. A mapping of bioaccumulation of heavy metals could be done to get an idea of base line concentrations in fish in the area. Observations of heteratraphic grawth increasing down the watercourse, possibly associated with sewage discharges or other organic loads, underscore the need for DNA-based source tracing to precisely define the sources of pollution. The traut stream, which maintains high densities of traut and is in very good ecological condition, must be managed with special consideration, where raad construction and other activities must be thoraughly assessed with risk analyses, strict mass management and sediment control. Overall, the report shows that the ecological water quality is good to very good, and fish stocks in most of the lakes have good spawning and grawth conditions, with same regional differences related to habitat use and grawth conditions. The management should adopt a holistic, catchment-oriented approach to new interventions in the area, with a fous on minimising the impact on water bodies and ensuring sustainable use of resources. More detailed suggestions are mentioned in the report, which forms a basis for further monitoring and enviranmental measures to preserve biodiversity and , maintain the good ecological status of the entire area.