Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2015
Sammendrag
At main commercial harvest four pallet sized boxes of apple (Malus ×domestica) cultivar ‘Aroma’ from one grower were assessed for maturity by using a portable spectrometer giving an IAD index (index of the absorption difference between 670 and 720 nm) indicating chlorophyll content. The apples were sorted into three groups; IAD index <0.65, 0.66 - 0.80 and >0.81. Apples of all groups were assessed for quality parameters at harvest and after storage in CA-bags at 2°C (about 100% RH) or natural atmosphere (NA) at 1°C (about 90% RH) for three months and after simulated shelf life at 20°C for 14 days. At the same times the apples were assessed for decay, both physiological disorders and fungal attacks. The CA-bags were gas-tight plastic bags for one pallet and were connected to an external gas control unit. The atmosphere inside the CA-bags consisted of 2% O2 and 2% CO2 during the cold period. At the start of the experiment apples from the different IAD index groups were not similar in subjectively judged ground colour and cover colour but similar in firmness and starch content. After three months of cold storage both apples stored at natural atmosphere and in CA-bags were still different in ground and cover colour and IAD index. In apples from CA-bags the titratable acidity content was higher in >0.81 group than on those with an IAD index <0.65. After 14 days at 20°C apples with IAD index >0.81 were different from <0.65 group in ground-colour and IAD index, but other parameters assessed were similar. After three months CA-bag stored apples had 2% visible decay but apples stored in NA had up to 27% decay. The apples with IAD index <0.65 had highest incidence of decay. After 14 days at 20°C apples with IAD index <0.65 stored in CA-bags had developed 5% decay while there was no decay in the other IAD index groups. Apples with IAD index <0.65 stored in NA had developed 45% decay after 14 days at 20°C while apples from the other groups had developed about 20% decay. Senescent decay and breakdown accounted for 90% of the physiological disorder while bitter rot was the major reason of fungal decay. CA-bags were found to be an efficient tool to prolong storage period and IAD index values might be useful in determining the potential storage life.
Sammendrag
Elevated nutrient concentrations in streams in the Norwegian agricultural landscape may occur due to faecal contamination. Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been used conventionally as an indicator of this contamination; however, it does not indicate the source of faecal origin. This work describes a study undertaken for the first time in Norway on an application of specific host-associated markers for faecal source tracking of water contamination. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on Bacteroidales host-specific markers was employed for microbial source tracking (MST) to determine the origin(s) of faecal water contamination. Four genetic markers were used: the universal AllBac (Bacteroidales) and the individual specific markers BacH (humans), BacR (ruminants) and Hor-Bac (horses). In addition, a pathogenicity test was carried out to detect the top seven Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) serogroups. The ratio between each individual marker and the universal one was used to: (1) normalise the markers to the level of AllBac in faeces, (2) determine the relative abundance of each specific marker, (3) develop a contribution profile for faecal water contamination and (4) elucidate the sources of contamination by highlighting the dominant origin(s). The results of the qPCR MST analyses indicated the actual contributions of humans and animals to faecal water contamination. The pathogenicity test revealed that water samples were STEC positive at a low level, which was in proportion to the concentration of the ruminant marker. The outcomes were verified statistically by coupling the findings of major contamination sources with observations in the field regarding local land use (residential or agricultural). Furthermore, clear correlations between the human marker and E. coli counts as well as the ruminant marker and STEC quantity in faecally contaminated water were observed. The results of this study have the potential to help identify sources of pollution for targeted mitigation of nutrient losses.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Uhlen Jon Arne Dieseth Shiori Koga Ulrike Böcker Bernt Hoel James A Anderson Anette Aamodt MoldestadSammendrag
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Forfattere
Karen A. Alexander Tavis Potts Shirra Freeman Dafna Israel Johan Johansen Demetris Kletou Marte Meland Danilo Pecorino Celine Rebours Marc Shorten Dror AngelSammendrag
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Forfattere
Seyda Ozkan Bouda Vosough Ahmadi Helge Bonesmo Olav Østerås Alistair Stott Odd Magne HarstadSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Replication of all positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses occurs in specific structures in close association with cellular membranes. Targeting of the viral replication complex (RC) to the site of replication is mediated by the interaction of viral-encoded proteins and host factors. Electron microscope studies have shown that Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV, family Tymoviridae) infection is associated with the presence of vesicular structures in the chloroplasts, which indicates that the replication of PnMV might occur in association with chloroplast-derived membranes. Using computer assisted homology search, we have identified that the coat protein (CP) of PnMV shows similarity to membrane bound proteins and contains a conserved amino acid sequence motif found in members of the Alb3/Oxa1/YidC protein family. This protein family is involved in the insertion of proteins into intracellular membranes. In this study we carried out localization studies combined with confocal laser microscopy to identify the cellular localization of the PnMV CP. Transient expression of red fluorescent protein (RFP)-tagged PnMV CP in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplast was shown to localize in the chloroplast.
Forfattere
Kari-Anne Lyng Ingunn Saur Modahl Hanne Møller John Morken Tormod Briseid Ole Jørgen HanssenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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