Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Oleif Elen Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Guro Brodal Heidi Udnes Aamot Marika Jestoi Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Behandling med Proline reduserte innholdet av DON i havre og hvete, men ikke innholdet av T-2 og HT-2 toksin
Forfattere
Oleif Elen Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Guro Brodal Heidi Udnes Aamot Marika Jestoi Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Sprøyting med Proline under blomstring reduserte DON-innhold i hvete oa havre, men ikke innholdet av T-2 og HT-2.
Sammendrag
Arthropods were collected by fogging the canopy of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris selected from a 2 km2 boreal forest area in Sigdal, Norway with the overall purpose to examine whether there were faunal differences in the representation of arthropods among mature and old trees, and specifically for this paper, the biting midges (Ceratopogonidae). Target trees were chosen as pairs, one mature (70-110 years) and one old (250 years or older) tree from six different stands. All knock-down treatments were performed in June and July 1999, before dawn and after a dry and windless night. Knocked-down arthropods were collected in plastic funnels placed systematically on the ground. Funnels remained in place for circa one hour after treatment. Among the 61 species records new to Norway, the most frequently encountered taxon of invertebrates was Diptera, and the family of biting midges, Ceratopogonidae, comprised 30 of 61 (49%) of all new records, compared with the overall species numbers showing 40 biting midges of 193 recorded species (21%). Among the Ceratopogonidae new to Norway, two species new to science and two first records from Europe were found. Coleman rarefaction curves were constructed by running 500 iterations without replacements using EstimateS and showed that there were significantly more new records of Diptera in old trees in comparison with mature trees. A similar pattern of significance (by comparing standard deviations estimated by EstimateS) was found for Diptera when Ceratopogonidae was excluded. New species records of Ceratopogonidae were more common in old trees than in mature trees, although not significantly so. No predominance of new records in old trees was found for arthropods other than Diptera. Old trees are rare and may provide a variety of resources (e.g. resting sites, places to over-winter, hiding places, sites for oviposition, larval habitat, etc.) that are rarely found in younger trees. Thus, the high number of new species records probably result from studying a whole arthropod taxon (Diptera) in a part of a forest ecosystem (canopies) with a suite of microhabitats (old pine trees) that in combination has been poorly investigated earlier.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Many bacteria produce antimicrobial substances such as nonribosomally synthesized antibiotics and ribosomally synthesized proteinaceous compounds referred to as bacteriocins. Secretion of antimicrobials is generally thought to contribute to the competitiveness of the producing organism, but there are indications that these compounds in some cases may have regulatory roles too. Bacteriocins most often act on closely related species only and are thus of interest for application as targeted narrow-spectrum antimicrobials with few side effects. Although the application of bacteriocins in plant disease control is an attractive option, very little is known about the occurrence and roles of these compounds in plant pathogenic bacteria and their natural competitors occurring in the same biotopes. This study presents an overview of current knowledge of bacteriocins from plant pathogenic bacteria.
Sammendrag
The Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus is the causal agent of bacterial wilt and ring rot of potato. So far, only two proteins have been shown to be essential for virulence, namely a plasmid-encoded cellulase CelA and a hypersensitive response-inducing protein. We have examined the relative expression of CelA and eight putative virulence factors during infection of potato and in liquid culture, using quantitative real-time PCR. The examined putative virulence genes were celB, a cellulase-encoding gene and genes encoding a pectate lyase, a xylanase and five homologues of the Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis pathogenicity factor Pat-1 thought to encode a serine protease. Six of the nine assayed genes were up-regulated during infection of potato, including celA, celB, the xylanase gene, and two of the pat genes. The pectate lyase gene showed only slightly elevated expression, whereas three of the five examined pat genes were down-regulated during infection in potato. Interestingly, the two up-regulated pat genes showed a noticeable sequence difference compared to the three down-regulated pat genes. These results reveal several new proteins that are likely to be involved in Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus pathogenicity.
Forfattere
Hui Liu Sarah J. Coulthurst Leighton Pritchard Peter E. Hedley Michael Ravensdale Sonia Humphris Tom Burr Gunnhild Takle May Bente Brurberg Paul R.J. Birch George P.C. Salmond Ian K. TothSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Mange problemer kan oppstå når trær blir plantet i grøntanlegg langs veier. Nye eller mer ukjente skader kan oppstå, men også gamle, velkjente skadegjørere kan blomstre opp.I en bjørkeallé i Spydeberg plantet høsten 2004 har en praktbille [Agrilus viridis (Linnaeus, 1758)] forårsaket store skader.
Sammendrag
Mange skadeinsekter har liten betydning som skadegjørere ute i skogen. Noen av disse kan imidlertid gjøre stor skade når de opptrer på nyplantede trær i parker og alléer. I mange treplantinger brukes litt større trær, og jo større de er, jo høyere er risikoen for at de blir angrepet av skadeinsekter allerede i planteskolen. Planteskolene og mottakskontrollen bør derfor være svært nøye med å undersøke trærne før utplanting. Dette er særlig viktig ved import.
Sammendrag
Mange skadeinsekter har liten betydning som skadegjørere ute i skogen. Noen av disse kan imidlertid gjøre stor skade når de opptrer på nyplantede trær i parker og alléer. I mange treplantinger brukes litt større trær, og jo større de er, jo høyere er risikoen for at de blir angrepet av skadeinsekter allerede i planteskolen. Planteskolene og mottakskontrollen bør derfor være svært nøye med å undersøke trærne før utplanting. Dette er særlig viktig ved import.