Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Nina TrandemSammendrag
Gjennomgang av skadedyr i bringebær med hovedvekt på bringebærbille, bringebærbladmidd og bladlus
Forfattere
Nina TrandemSammendrag
Gjennomgang av hva vi vet om effekten av olje-såpesprøyting på skadedyr og planter innen bærvekster
Sammendrag
How traps are placed can have huge consequences for trap efficiency. We present the results from two trials on how the height of trap deployment affects the catch of new generation Anthonomus rubi. In trial 1 (September 2006) we used white sticky traps, with or without A. rubi aggregation pheromone lures, to get more information on the height distribution at which weevils fly. Traps were horizontally mounted on top of poles 1 or 3 m above ground in a commercial field with a large weevil population (4 replicates of each height and lure combination). All the A. rubi individuals caught (N=34) were found on traps placed 1 m above ground. In trial 2 (13 July - 1 September 2009), four trap heights (partly dug into the ground, standing on the ground, hung just above foliage, hung 1 m above ground) were replicated five times in a small experimental strawberry field with severe bud damage. The traps were green funnel traps enhanced with white cross-vanes developed for raspberry beetle, and the best lure combination (aggregation pheromone sachet plus strawberry flower volatile open vial) for A. rubi found in other experiments. The traps touching the ground (and the plants), i.e. the first two of the heights listed above, caught 90% of all A. rubi trapped (N=103).
Sammendrag
Larver av gullauger (Chrysoperla carnea) er ein av dei viktigaste nyttedyra i frukthagen. Tidlegare arbeid har vist at vaksne gullauger er tiltrukke av lukt frå mellom anna blomar. I forsøk har vi vist at lukt også stimulerar til egglegging hjå gullauger.
Sammendrag
Introduction: Current risk assessment procedures for contaminated land and for pesticides often fail to properly characterize the risk of chemicals for environment or human health and provide only a rough estimate of the potential risk of chemicals. Chemicals often occur in mixtures in the environment, while regulatory agencies often use a chemical-by-chemical approach, focusing on a single media, a single source, and a single toxic endpoint. Current concepts to estimate biological effects of chemical mixtures mainly rely on data available for single chemicals, disregarding interaction between chemicals in soils. The importance of soil microbes and their activity in the functioning of soils impose a need to include microorganisms in soil quality assessments (Winding et al., 2005) including terrestrial ecotoxicological studies. Numerous papers have been published on the effects of different contaminants on soil microbes, establishing changes in soil microbial diversity as an indicator of soil pollution, but only a limited number of molecular studies investigating fungal diversity in the environment have been performed. The main objective of the study presented here, is to assess the applicability of changes in soil microbial diversity and activity levels as indicators of ecologically relevant effects of chemicals contamination. We have studied the effects of the fungicide picoxystrobin and the chemical 4-n-nonylphenol, on the microbial biodiversity in a Norwegian sandy loam with focus both on prokaryotes and the fungal species. 4-n-nonylphenol is a chemical occurring in high amounts in sewage sludge, hence, these chemicals may occur as single chemicals as well as in mixtures in soils. This work is part of the research project ‘Bioavailability and biological effects of chemicals - Novel tools in risk assessment of mixtures in agricultural and contaminated soils" funded by the Norwegian research council.Methods: Soil samples were treated with the single chemicals or mixtures and incubated at 20°C. Continuous monitoring of respiration activity as well as occasional destructive sampling for extraction of soil DNA, RNA, and chemical residues was performed through a 70 d period. Amplification of soil bacterial and fungal DNA was followed by T-RFLP analysis to assess chemicals effects on soil microbial diversity. Further work will include analyses of extracted soil RNA to assess chemicals effects on important soil functions (e.g. nitrogen cycling, decomposition of organic matter) and an assessment of chemicals effects on the genetic diversity of the soil by high throughput shot-gun sequencing. Finally the results will be evaluated to assess the suitability of any specific group, species or activity/function as biomarker for the selected chemicals (and possibly their group of chemicals).Results and conclusions: A project outline and preliminary results from the project will be presented at the conference.ReferencesWinding A, Hund-Rinke K, Rutgers M (2005). The use of microorganisms in ecological soil classification and assessment concepts. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 62: 230-248.
Forfattere
Line Emilie Sverdrup Christine Bjørge Ole Martin Eklo Ingeborg Klingen Torsten Källqvist Edgar Rivedal Erik Ropstad Janneche Utne Skåre Steinar ØvrebøSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Line Emilie Sverdrup Christine Bjørge Ole Martin Eklo Ingeborg Klingen Torsten Källqvist Edgar Rivedal Erik Ropstad Janneche Utne Skåre Steinar ØvrebøSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Line Emilie Sverdrup Christine Bjørge Ole Martin Eklo Ingeborg Klingen Torsten Källqvist Edgar Rivedal Erik Ropstad Janneche Utne Skåre Steinar ØvrebøSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingeborg KlingenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
In this study we aimed at understanding the mechanisms that affects an epidemic development of Neozygites floridana in a Tetranychus urticae population. This was done by comparing how many spores a cadaver infected with a N. floridana isolate could produce and at what distance and in which directions they could be thrown on a coverslip at temperatures relevant to the northern hemisphere (13, 18 and 23oC). The highest number of spores were produced at 13oC at a number of 1886. Numbers of spores thrown at 18oC and 23oC were 1733 and 1302 respectively. Temperature had a significant effect on sporulation. Most of the spores were thrown at a distance of 0-0.6 mm from the cadaver. Cadavers placed on the underside of a coverslip were able to throw spores back up on the coverslip surface. A whole plant bioassay was also conducted to reveal where on a plant T. urticae infected with N. floridana die and sporulate. Cadavers showed a different verical distribution on the cucumber plant compared to healthy spider mites. Most of the cadavers were located at the lower to the middle part of the plant, while healthy spider mites were more evenly distributed on the whole plant.