Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Redaktører
Ivar HovlandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Redaktører
Oddmund HjukseSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Redaktører
Oddmund HjukseSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Xiao Huang Mats Höglind Akanegbu Justice Knut Bjørkelo Torben Christensen Kjetil Fadnes Teresa Gómez de la Bárcena Per-Erik Jansson Åsa Kasimir Bjørn Kløve Anders Lyngstad Mikhail Mastepanov Hannu Marttila Marcel Van Oijen Ina Pohle Jagadeesh Yeluripati Hanna Marika SilvennoinenSammendrag
Cultivated organic soils account for ~7% of Norway’s agricultural land area, and they are estimated to be a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The project ‘Climate smart management practices on Norwegian organic soils’ (MYR), commissioned by the Research Council of Norway (decision no. 281109), aims to evaluate GHG (e.g. carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) emissions and impacts on biomass productivity from three land use types (cultivated, abandoned and restored) on organic soils. At the cultivated sites, impacts of drainage depth and management intensity will be measured. We established experimental sites in Norway covering a broad range of climate and management regimes, which will produce observational data in high spatiotemporal resolution during 2019-2022. Using state-of-the-art modelling techniques, MYR aims to predict the potential GHG mitigation under different scenarios (e.g. different water table depth, management practices and climate pattern). Four models (BASGRA, DNDC, Coup and ECOSSE) will be further developed according to the physical/chemical properties of peat soil and then used independently in simulating biogeochemical processes and biomass dynamics in the different land uses. Robust parameterization schemes for each model to improve the predictive accuracy will be derived from a new dataset collected from multiple experimental sites in the Nordic region. Thereafter, the models will be used in the regional simulation to present the spatial heterogeneity in large scale. Eventually, a multi-model ensemble prediction will be carried out to provide scenario analyses by 2030 and 2050. By integrating experimental results and modelling, the project aims at generating useful information for recommendations on environment-friendly use of Norwegian peatlands.
Sammendrag
Hagemarkskog er en unik og estetisk vegetasjonstype med høy verdi for husdyrbeiting og biologisk mangfold. Den oppstår i gårds- og seternære skogsområder som over lang tid har vært nyttet til husdyrbeiting, og ulike former for høsting av trevirke. Som følge av utviklingen i landbruket der mange gårdsbruk og setre er nedlagt, er hagemarkskogen nå blitt et sjeldent syn i det norske kulturlandskapet.
Forfattere
Inger Hansen Geir-Harald Strand Olve Krange Jenny Mattisson Ole-Gunnar Støen Signe Kårstad Svein Eilertsen Erlend Winje Lars Bendik Austmo Ketil Skogen Henrik LindhjemSammendrag
Denne rapporten gir en vurdering av hvorvidt praktiseringen av Forskrift om tilskudd til forebyggende tiltak mot rovviltskader og konfliktdempende tiltak (FKT-forskriften) har god måloppnåelse, om den kan realiseres på en bedre måte enn i dag og i så fall hvordan. Arbeidet bygger på litteratur- og dokumentstudier samt intervjuer av representanter for beitenæringene og landbruks- og miljøforvaltningen. Oppdraget omfatter a) en utredning av hvordan FKT-ordningen er organisert, hvilke tiltak som har mottatt støtte og omfanget av støtten som er gitt, b) en vurdering av effekten av forebyggende tiltak, effekten av tiltak som kan øke kunnskapsgrunnlaget og effekten av konfliktdempende tiltak og c) en beskrivelse og drøfting av forslag til tiltak og forskriftsendringer som kan gi forbedret måloppnåelse for FKT-forskriften samt en samfunnsøkonomisk vurdering av disse.
Sammendrag
Protected Areas (PAs) in Tanzania had been established originally for the goal of habitat, landscape and biodiversity conservation. However, human activities such as agricultural expansion and wood harvesting pose challenges to the conservation objectives. We monitored a decade of deforestation within 708 PAs and their unprotected buffer areas, analyzed deforestation by PA management regimes, and assessed connectivity among PAs. Data came from a Landsat based wall-to-wall forest to non-forest change map for the period 2002–2013, developed for the definition of Tanzania’s National Forest Reference Emissions Level (FREL). Deforestation data were extracted in a series of concentric bands that allow pairwise comparison and correlation analysis between the inside of PAs and the external buffer areas. Half of the PAs exhibit either no deforestation or significantly less deforestation than the unprotected buffer areas. A small proportion (10%; n = 71) are responsible for more than 90% of the total deforestation; but these few PAs represent more than 75% of the total area under protection. While about half of the PAs are connected to one or more other PAs, the remaining half, most of which are Forest Reserves, are isolated. Furthermore, deforestation inside isolated PAs is significantly correlated with deforestation in the unprotected buffer areas, suggesting pressure from land use outside PAs. Management regimes varied in reducing deforestation inside PA territories, but differences in protection status within a management regime are also large. Deforestation as percentages of land area and forested areas of PAs was largest for Forest Reserves and Game Controlled areas, while most National Parks, Nature Reserves and Forest Plantations generally retained large proportions of their forest cover. Areas of immediate management concern include the few PAs with a disproportionately large contribution to the total deforestation, and the sizeable number of PAs being isolated. Future protection should account for landscapes outside protected areas, engage local communities and establish new PAs or corridors such as village-managed forest areas.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Sigrun Hjalmarsdottir Kværnø Robert Barneveld Eva Solbjørg Flo Heggem Malte Stratmann Nils Egil SøvdeSammendrag
Vinteren 2021 blir det gamle erosjonsrisikokartet fra 1991 erstattet med to nye kart. Det ene kartet viser samlet risiko for flateerosjon på jordoverflata og jordtap gjennom drens-rør. Det andre kartet viser risiko for erosjon i søkk og forsenkninger (drågerosjon).
Sammendrag
The Norwegian sheep industry is based on utilization of “free” rangeland pasture resources. Use of mountain pastures is dominating, with about two million sheep grazing these pastures during summer. Regional challenges related to e.g., loss of sheep to large carnivores make farmers think differently. The Norwegian coastline is among the longest globally and is scattered with islets and islands. Alone along the coast of Nordland county, it is estimated more than 14,000 islands. Use of islands for summer pasture is an alternative but there is a limited knowledge about such a management system. In this study, we examined lambs' average daily gain on island pastures at the coast of Norway. In total 230 lambs on three islands (Sandvær, Sjonøya, and Buøya), with varying pasture quality and stocking rate, for 3 years (2012, 2013, and 2014). At Sandvær as much as 92% of the island was characterized as high nutritional value while at Sjonøya and Buøya only 15%, was characterized high nutritional value. We found an average daily lamb growth rate of 0.320 kg d−1. Lambs on Sandvær had a higher daily gain (P < 0.05) than those on Sjonøya and Buøya, and lambs' average daily gain was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in 2013 compared to 2012 and 2014. We conclude that with a dynamic and adaptive management strategy there is a potential to utilize islands for sheep grazing during summer.