Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Redaktører
Einar StrandSammendrag
Årets utgave av Jord- og Plantekultur 2010 inneholder i tillegg til forsøksresultater innen korn, olje- og proteinvekster, grasfrø og poteter fra 2009, artikler innen fagområde jord- og miljø samt omtale av vær- og vekstforholdene dette året.
Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Anne LangerudSammendrag
Hyppig hausta timotei blir tidleg invadert av ugras. Såframt fleirårig raigras og raisvingel overvintrar godt, tettar dei på ein heilt annan måte i intensive haustesystem.
Forfattere
Gunhild Børtnes Ruth MordalSammendrag
Kryddertimian (Thymus vulgaris), breibladtimian (Thymus pulegoides), sitrontimian (Thymus x citriodorus) og kryptimian (Thymus serpyllum) i forsøk ved Bioforsk Øst Kise og Apelsvoll 2005 - 2009
Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Astrid Johansen Olav Martin SynnesSammendrag
In experiments at the Western coast of Norway, a dry matter (DM) content regarded acceptable for baling was reached within 6-8 hours after mowing in wide-spread crops as opposed to within 24 hours for swathed crops. Samples containing Clostridiae and butyric acid were more frequent in silages wilted wide-spread for 24 hours and then windrowed than in silages wilted in swaths equally long. This difference in hygienic quality might have been caused by differences in DM content and fermentation in the two types of silages as well as by contamination of soil borne organisms through additional handling and wheeling of wide-spread crops. Rapidly wilted crops and silages had a higher concentration of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC).
Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Tor Lunnan Mats HøglindSammendrag
Der fleirårig raigras overvintrar godt, er ei raigrasbasert eng eit godt alternativ til timoteibasert eng. Raigras har høgare fôrkvalitet og toler hyppig hasuting betre enn timotei. I forsøk på Særheim på Jæren vart engtypane samanlikna, og raigrasenga gav betre utbytte, spesielt første engåret.
Forfattere
Lars Nesheim Uffe JørgensenSammendrag
In Denmark, Finland and Sweden cultivation of energy crops has been commercial for several years. In Norway there is hardly any commercial growing of agricultural crops for energy purposes. Cereal straw is to some extent used as a solid biofuel. The objective of this chapter is to give a review of the current production of different energy crops in the Nordic countries, and to present some ideas on what may be the future biofuels in these countries. The most important bioenergy crop concerning the area of cultivation is wheat for bioethanol on about 27 000 hectares in Sweden. That constitutes about 7 % of total area of wheat. There is now one factory for bioethanol production in Sweden, and two or three more plants are planned. In Finland reed canary grass is now grown on 20 000 hectares, and the energy crop may be used in about 12 power plants in bales or as fuel-mix. This crop is well suited for Finland and Northern Sweden, where the winters are cold. There is also commercial growing of reed canary grass for biofuel in Sweden, but the area is much lower than in Finland. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Finland has set a target to increase the area of energy crops to 100 000 hectares before 2016. In Sweden willow (Salix) is grown on about 13 500 hectares of agricultural land. The area is not increasing any longer, mostly due to reduced subsidies. In Denmark there is a considerable production of oil seed rape for biodiesel, but there are no adequate statistics on the oil use. In addition to the mentioned crops there is some commercial cultivation of other bioenergy crops, such as hemp, miscanthus and crops for biogas production. Phasing out fossil fuel use in the Nordic countries is a clear political focus even though the path to the goal is not yet defined in all countries. However, it seems clear that biomass will play a very significant role at least in the medium term within the next fifty years. This will be for heat and power, but also the demands for increased biofuel use in the transport sector will increase the need for biomass dramatically. First choice should be sustainable utilization of biomass residues. Growing dedicated energy crops is an option for delivering increased amounts of biomass.
Forfattere
Tor LunnanSammendrag
Timoteibaserte frøblandingar dominerer i Norge. Timotei har god overvintringsevne, rask etablering, enkel frøavl og god fôrkvalitetet, men toler intensiv drift og beiting dårleg. Raigras- og raisvingelbasert eng er alternativ langs kysten av Sør-Norge. I innlandet er bladfaks og hundegras aktuelle.
Forfattere
Lars NesheimSammendrag
A method of mixing seeds of different crops and liquid animal manure is called slurry seeding or wet seeding. The method is so far more used for seeding forage crops than for grasses and clover. A Norwegian company has developed a system for adding and mixing seeds into animal slurry at the liquid manure spreader. The seed-enriched slurry is either applied on the surface by a trailing hose (band spreading) or injected in the soil. Thus, the process combines manure application, seeding of forage or cover crops, and aeration tillage if the slurry is injected. The method may also contribute to an increased sward age. The last three years the system of slurry seeding has been investigated at different sites in Norway, from dry inland areas to coastal areas with a high annual precipitation. Slurry seeding by use of the injector or the band spreader was compared to direct drilling of seeds only, and full renovation of the swards including ploughing. Where the sward was killed by herbicides, slurry seeding resulted in about the same DM yields and botanical composition as traditional renovation. At swards not destructed by chemical treatment the results were more variable, particularly at the first cut.
Forfattere
Lars NesheimSammendrag
Det vert viktigare enn før å velje gode sortar til produksjon av grovfôr. Men vert det gjort nok for å skaffe fram sortar som gardbrukarane har behov for? Graminor og utanlandske planteforedlingsselskap melder inn sortar som dei ønskjer å teste til Mattilsynet. Testinga vert gjennomført av Bioforsk. For fleirårige grovfôrvekstar vil testinga ta minst fem år. I testinga vert det først og fremst lagt vekt på avlingsmengd, overvintringsemne og motstand mot sjukdomar. Fôrkvalitet vert analysert berre i det første engåret. Etter prøvinga bestemmer Mattilsynet om sorten skal takast med på den offisielle norske sortslista. Nye sortar må vere minst like gode som dei som alt er godkjende. Det er krav om at plantesortar må vere godkjende i Norge eller i EU-land for å kunne omsetjast i Norge. I praksis vil frøfirma stort sett berre selje sortar som står på den norske lista.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Bjørn Molteberg Frank Enger Jan Tangsveen Trond Olav Pettersen Åge Susort Anne A. SteensohnSammendrag
Due to pesticide restrictions, harsh winters and the special light/temperature conditions at high latitudes, turfgrass variety testing in USA, UK or central Europe has limited relevance for the Nordic countries. Therefore, we recommend to seed companies wanting to introduce varieties in this region to have their candidates evaluated independently in the two contrasting climatic zones characterizing the Nordic countries. In June 2009, Scotts International B.V. and Bioforsk Turfgrass Research Group signed a contract for three years evaluation of two varieties of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), one variety of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. rubra) and two varieties of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) at the Bioforsk research stations Apelsvoll (northern, mostly continental climatic zone) and Landvik (southern, mostly coastal climatic zone). Both trials were seeded in late June / early July 2009 and established well. Since about six weeks after seeding, the varieties were mowed to at 15 mm two to three times per week and otherwise maintained as a golf course fairway. This report from the establishment year shows that the candidate varieties were on level with the widely used control varieties for establishment rate. For other characters, it is too early to draw conclusions.