Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus leks have repeatedly been reported to be located in old forest. However, two conditions may have biased this widely held view. First, leks are known to be continuously used over several decades, and therefore might have been established when forest stands were younger. Second, stand -replacement logging (clearcutting) was not widely applied until the 1950s, leaving even-aged regenerating stands too young for leks to have been established in the latter part of the 20th century. Here we report eight cases of lek formation in young plantations from south-central Norway. Stand age ranged within 2646 years when display activity started. At six of the sites, we confirmed that females were regularly feeding on pine trees in winter prior to lek establishment, and at four of these sites displaying males were observed courting the females in late winter. These findings support the hotspot model of lek formation put forward by Gjerde et al. (2000), and it offers promising options for managing capercaillie leks in commercially utilised forests.
Sammendrag
High mortality among chicks, due to fragmentation and changes in habitat caused by commercial forestry, is considered one of the main reasons for the general decline in capercaillie Tetrao urogallus in boreal forests. Using GPS satellite telemetry, we studied the movement patterns of young capercaillie broods: 1) to test if this new technology could be applied to gain more detailed insight into behaviour and habitat selection at a small spatial scale, and if so, 2) to compare the broods' relative use of planted and older, naturally regenerated forests. Hens of four broods with chicks 2-7 days old were captured and fitted with 90-g backpacks containing GPS units and VHF transmitters. The GPS units were programmed to record positions every 15 minutes, the shortest interval possible. With a storage capacity of 450 positions, movements could be monitored for ca 4.5 days. In our study area (Varaldskogen) with moderate topography, the GPS technology performed quite well. A total of 1,277 positions were obtained (84% of potential maximum), of which 77% were within 20 in of the true position of the brood. The movement patterns of the four broods were quite similar, with a mean speed of 83.2 m +/- 9.9 (SE) per hour during the 4.5-day tracking period. Broods moved almost continuously during the 24-hour cycle, presumably foraging, although their speed was slower at night. The two oldest broods whose initial age was seven days moved faster than the two younger broods whose initial age was two and three days, respectively. Strong autocorrelation among successive positions made us examine habitat selection using a binominal choice method for each brood separately. When broods were inside old 'natural' forest, they remained there instead of moving into plantations. When inside plantations, they did not discriminate between remaining there and moving into nearby old forest, but they tended to move faster in plantations than in old forest. Clearly, the new, cost-effective GPS telemetry offers new and better opportunities for studying small-scale brood movement. Very frequent and accurate positions can be obtained without either disturbing the birds or leaving scent marks that may attract predators.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Jørund RolstadSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Målet med rapporten er å kunne: " Beskrivelse av bestandsforholdene for hjort med kjønns- og alderssammensetning og antallsmessige bestandsestimat før jakt 2007. " Vise scenarier på hvordan bestandene vil endre seg ved ulike avskytingsmønster framover i tid. " Komme med anbefalinger for framtidig forvaltning av hjort i Eid. Rapporten viser sammenstillinger over ulike typer materiale fra Eid kommune. For modellering av bestand, og som grunnlag for utarbeiding av scenarier, har vi brukt en deterministisk bestandsmodell og definert et utgangspunkt for antall dyr i bestanden fordelt på ulike aldersklasser og kjønn. Tallmaterialet tyder på at hjortebestanden i Eid kommune har vært i vekst fram til om lag 1998. Etter dette har bestanden trolig hatt liten endring antallsmessig. Tallmaterialet ser ut til å indikere en liten økning i andelen bukk i bestanden de senere år, og det ser også ut til at rekrutteringa til bestanden er god, men varierer noe mellom år. Ut i fra de modellforutsetningene beskrevet ovenfor med kun små endringer i bestandsstørrelse i løpet av de siste åra (endringer på 0-1 % årlig) har vi beregna at Eid har en sannsynlig bestandsstørrelse (jaktbestand) 1900 ± 200 dyr før jakt i 2007. Denne bestandsstørrelsen vil kunne være grunnlag for et årlig uttak av 425-485 ± 40 dyr i åra framover avhengig av mål og strategier som blir lagt (se nedenfor). Vi anbefaler kommunen i det videre å gjennomføre slik avskytingsstrategi framover: " Kjønnsnøytral eller liten overvekt av hanndyr dersom man har mål om nullvekst i bestanden. " Kjønnsnøytral eller liten overvekt av hodyr i uttaket dersom man har mål om reduksjon i bestanden. " Kjønnsnøytral eller liten overvekt av hanndyr dersom man har mål om en liten vekst i bestanden. Eid kommune har trolig en bestand før jakt 2007 på 1900 ± 200 dyr, og viser at Eid kommune i 2007 kan felle fra 425-485 ± 40 hjort årlig avhengig av mål for bestandsutvikling framover. Rapporten inneholder i tillegg noen anbefalinger for Eid kommune sin hjorteforvaltning framover.
Forfattere
Erling MeisingsetSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Atle Mysterud Erling Meisingset Vebjørn Veiberg Rolf Langvatn Erling Johan Solberg Leif Egil Loe Nils Christian StensethSammendrag
Proper management of wildlife relies on metrics of population development. Typically, the best estimation techniques are too expensive for coarse-scale management. In marine fisheries, catch-per-unit effort is commonly used, but problems may arise due to changes in spatial harvest effort or in habitat use as density changes. Managers in Norway are in the early phases of implementing "seen deer" during harvesting and "spring counts" on farmland as a means of monitoring red deer Cervus elaphus populations. We provide a first evaluation of how suitable these methods are by comparing the results with population estimates obtained using cohort analysis, and by analysing the within-season variation in number of seen deer. "Seen deer" predicted annual increases in populations fairly well. Adjusting for harvesting effort provided less good estimates, due to a proportionally larger increase in effort relative to deer population size as population size increased. The number of seen deer per day decreased rapidly at the beginning of the season, and then levelled off or increased slightly during the rut, especially on farmland. The number of seen deer increased both with the number of harvesters and hours harvested, but at a diminishing rate. The current practice of "spring counts" was not successful in predicting population changes, probably due to a lack of replication. Indeed, date strongly affected the number of deer seen during spring counts. While "seen deer" seems to be a very promising tool for monitoring population size of red deer, there are some limitations to the practice as implemented for moose Alces alces in Scandinavia due to a more complex relationship with harvesting effort. Our study highlights that the large number of hours harvesters observe wildlife can provide a useful tool for population monitoring. However, the use of such indices may vary between species and according to harvest techniques and should thus be assessed with care before implementation
Forfattere
Kjersti Holt HanssenSammendrag
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