Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Kjell Andreassen Nicholas Clarke Jørn-Frode Nordbakken Ingvald Røsberg Volkmar Timmermann Tonje ØklandSammendrag
Rapporten presenterer sammendrag av resultatene for 2010 fra tre overvåkingsprogrammer: “Overvåking av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedbør”, ”Overvåkingsprogram for skogskader” (OPS) og “Program for terrestrisk naturovervåking” (TOV). The report presents results for 2010 from three national monitoring programmes on long-range transboundary air pollution.
Sammendrag
This report presents presentations and summaries of posters presented during the conference "7th meeting of the Nordic-Baltic Network in Wood Materials & Engineering". The conference was held Oct. 27 to 28, 2011 in Oslo, and gathered around 70 participants from 9 countries. Norwegian Forest and Landscape institute hosted the event.
Forfattere
Vibeke Stærkebye Nørstebø Ulf Johansen Hanne Marie Gabriel Bruce Talbot Jan-Erik Ørnelund NilsenSammendrag
Hovedmålet med prosjektet er å utarbeide en prioritert investeringsplan for utbygging av tømmerkaier langs norskekysten, slik at forholdene legges til rette for en rasjonell tømmertransport fra skog til industri. Vi har benyttet matematisk programmering til å identifisere det optimale antall, størrelse og lokalisering av tømmerkaier - i dag og over en tidshorisont på 20 år. Modellen er tilpasset slik at den tar hensyn til dagens og fremtidens avvirkningsvolum, infrastruktur, kostnader og tariffer, og for øvrig andre målbare faktorer som påvirker samlede transportkostnader. Ved hjelp av modellen har vi identifisert en skissemessig plan for lokalisering, dimensjonering, og utbygging av tømmerkaier langs norskekysten, samt en følsomhetsanalyse for viktige drivere. Den viser at investeringskostnad for kaier, kundenes lokalisering og tilhørende etterspørsel, og kostnad for lastebiltransporten og endret veikvalitet / bruksklasse (foruten totalt avvirkningsvolum) har størst effekt på resultatet og totalkostnaden. Prosjektet har også vurdert andre miljø- og samfunnsgevinster av en slik utbygging langs kysten. Flere kaier (for samme mengde avvirket tømmer), og tilhørende redusert antall kilometer tømmertransport med lastebil ser ut til å være gunstig med tanke på miljøutslipp. Det er også potensial for å utvikle modellen til å analysere flere ting enn hva som ligger inne per i dag. Et aspekt som bør inkluderes er profittmaksimering (overskudd) og verdikjedeoptimering.
Forfattere
Bruce Talbot Morten NittebergSammendrag
In the coastal region of Norway, large volumes of relatively inaccessible plantation timber are maturing for harvest. The economic feasibility of accessing much of this timber has limited the level of harvesting activity considerably. Harvesting planners are faced with the classic dilemma of finding the appropriate level of investment in infrastructure, as against inoptimal transportation. In this paper, we present results from a simple deterministic simulation carried out to illustrate the efficiency frontiers of three transport methods, one of which requires a substantial investment in road upgrading. Results depend on assumptions made, but clearly show that in these conditions, upgrading roads for truck+trailer transport should be evaluated on a cases by case basis. Forest road length and condition, public road distance to conversion site, and investment level all play important roles in the decision structure. In the coastal regions, road upgrades would generally need to be justified by benefits other than timber harvesting alone.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Svein EilertsenSammendrag
Foreliggende konsekvensutredning knyttet til reindrift ved planlagt vindkraftverk i Kvalsund kommune er en del av en helhetlig konsekvensutredning som er gjennomført på oppdrag fra tiltakshaver Finnmark Fornybare Energiutvikling (FFE). Fálá reinbeitedistrikt (nr 20) som har flyttleier gjennom utredningsområdet. Fiettar reinbeitedistrikt (nr 22) bruker utredningsområdet som beiteland fra vår,gjennom sommeren og til høsten. Området er også kalvingsland for distriktet. Utredningsområdet har stor verdi for reindrifta. Etablering av Kvalsund vindkraftpark vil ha middels store negative konsekvenser for reindrifta, i hovedsak som følge av forventet forstyrrelser på reinen og dermed endret arealbruk som resultat. Utbygger kan ta hensyn til reindrifta ved å unngå aktivitet i området når reinen er særlig sårbar for forstyrrelser (kalvingsperioden).
Sammendrag
1. In the face of a rapidly changing environment, long-term studies provide important insights into patterns of vegetation and processes of change, but long-term studies are rare for many ecosystems.2. We studied recent vegetation changes at a fine scale in a Sphagnum-dominated bog in south Sweden by resurveying part of the bog 54 years after the original phytosociological survey. We used an indirect approach to identify changes in vegetation composition in relation to environment because of a lack of permanent sampling units. By applying a weighted averaging technique, we calculated relative changes in species optimum values for different environmental gradients as represented by indicator values for light, temperature, pH, moisture and nutrients.3. Species composition of the mire vegetation has changed significantly over the past five decades, as indicated by significant changes in species frequencies and species optima for the gradients examined. Species with lower indicator values for moisture and light and higher indicator values for nutrients have become more frequent on the mire. In particular, species of trees and dwarf shrubs increased in frequency, whereas typical mire species decreased (e.g. Trichophorum cespitosum (L.) Hartm.) or disappeared fromthe study site (e.g. Scheuchzeria palustris L.).4. Synthesis. Composition of the mire vegetation is found to be dynamic at different temporal and spatial scales. Increased air temperature and nutrient availability in south Sweden over the past few decades may have augmented productivity (e.g. tree growth), resulting in drier and shadier conditions for several species. This study successfully demonstrated the applicability of an indirect approach for detecting long-term vegetation change at a fine scale. This approach is an effective way of using historic and modern phytosociological data sets to detect vegetation and environmental change through time.
Sammendrag
Understanding the driving forces affecting species occurrences is a prerequisite for determining the indicator suitability of crenic plants. We analysed 18 environmental variables in a two-step approach, evaluating their ability to explain the species composition of 222 springs on five siliceous mountain ranges, in central Germany and north-west Czech Republic (49.9°–50.8°N, 10.6°–12.8°E). First, we identified the significant environmental variables in three subsets of spatial, hydrophysical and hydrochemical variables using a forward-selection procedure. We then performed a partial canonical correspondence analysis (pCCA) to estimate the influence of each subset alone, as well as in combinations. We also used a multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP) to compare the five regions with respect to the dissimilarity of their vegetation composition and environmental variables. Hydrochemical factors played a fundamental role in determining the plant community of the investigated springs. Spatial factors, in particular altitude, were correlated with the hydrochemical factors, but were less important. Hydrophysical factors played only a marginal role. More precisely, species occurrence was mainly driven by a gradient of nutrient availability, which in turn reflected the acidity status. This gradient was primarily represented by high Al, Cd, and Mn concentrations in acidic crenic waters, high Ca and Mg concentrations were encountered in circumneutral springs. By comparing the five regions we could show that there are spatial patterns in the vegetation of springs, which provide valuable ecological information on the water quality. We therefore suggest that biomonitoring approaches to vegetation are suitable for revealing the acidity status of springs and their forested catchments.
Forfattere
Inger Sundheim FløistadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Holger LangeSammendrag
Spatial dependencies among environmental variables are often quantified by spatial autocorrelation functions. The latter basically assume linearity and isotropy, requirements usually not satisfied for measured data. Typical symptoms of violated assumptions are biased parameter estimations. Relaxing the assumptions of linear dependencies and isotropy, we present a conceptual generalization of spatial analysis where locally varying anisotropies in the geographical space are uncovered by investigating nonlinear dependencies among observations. The framework is illustrated by generalizing two examples: distance decay relations and spatial filtering. The proposed alternative is based on geodesic ecological and anisotropic spatial distances.